hrdcicka] PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 255 



290 skulls of the western Eskimo. Since then, in view of the grow- 

 ing importance of the subject, I have remeasured every specimen 

 reported before; have measured personally all the new collections; 

 and thanks to the kindness of those in charge have been enabled to 

 extend the measurements to all the collections of Eskimo crania, 

 both from Alaska and elsewhere, that were preserved up to the 

 spring of 1928 at the National Museum at Ottawa, the American 

 Museum of Natural History of New York, and the WIstar Institute 

 of Philadelphia, which now contains the University Museum collec- 

 tions. The total records reach now to 1,283 adult skulls from prac- 

 tically all important parts of the total Eskimo area, besides a con- 

 siderable quantity of other bones of the skeleton. The main results 

 of the work will be given here, the detailed measurements being re- 

 served for another number of the Catalogue. 



To save repetitions and possible confusion and to show more clearly 

 the status of the southwestern and midwestern Eskimo, the entire 

 cranial material will be dealt with in this section, and previous 

 records on the northeastern and a few other groups of the Eskimo 

 will not be drawn upon to preserve the advantage of dealing with 

 data obtained by the same methods, instruments, and observer. 



In presenting the records it is found expedient, both on geo- 

 graphical and anthropological grounds, to make but three groupings. 

 The first of these comprises the Eskimo from their southernmost 

 limit to Norton Sound and the Bering Sea islands ; the second group 

 takes in Seward Peninsula (or the larger part of it) and the Arctic 

 coast to Point Barrow; while the third embraces all the Eskimo 

 east of Point Barrow. The first of these three groups is remarkably 

 homogeneous, the second and third show each some exceptional units. 

 It may be said at once that the dialectic subdivisions of Dall, 

 Nelson, and others, in a large majority of cases are not found to be 

 accompanied by corresponding physical differences, so that in a 

 somatological classification they become submerged. 



SKULL SIZE 



The external size of the skull is best expressed by the cranial 

 module or mean of the three principal diameters; the internal size, 

 respectively the volume of the brain, by the "cranial capacity." 



The module among the southwestern and midwestern Eskimo aver- 

 ages 15.44 centimeters in the males and 14.77 centimeters in the fe- 

 males. For people of submedium stature these are good dimensions. 

 Fifty-two male and 40 female skulls of the much taller Sioux (writ- 

 er's unpublished data) give the modules of only 15.25 and 14.27 centi- 

 meters; while 6 male and 9 female Munsee Indians, also tall. 1 give 



1 Bull. 62, Bur. Amor. Ethn.. p. 22. Nos. 320-313. 



