256 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ALASKA [eth. ann. « 



practically the same values as these Eskimos, namely 15.48 centi- 

 meters for the males and 14.75 centimeters for the females. 



Not all the western groups, however, give equally favorable pro- 

 portions. In general, the coast people below Norton Sound, and 

 especially below the Yukon, give, so far as the males are concerned, 

 the lowest values. It is interesting to note that it is precisely these 

 people who among the western Eskimo are reputed to be about 

 the lowest also in culture. The Togiak and near-by Kulukak males 

 showed, as seen before, also about the smallest head in the living. 

 The St. Lawrence Island males stand just about the middle, but 

 the females of this island, as, interestingly, also in the living, show 

 markedly less favorably. The Nunivak skulls, as with the living, are 

 somewhat above the average, while in the small Pilot Station 

 (Yukon) group, just as in the near-by contingent of Marshall among 

 the living, the males have the largest heads in this western territory. 

 The lower Yukon Eskimo were also shown, it may be recalled, to be 

 of a higher stature than the majority of the coast people. It is a 

 group that deserves further attention. 



The module of the female skull does not evidently stand always 

 in harmony with that of the male. The most striking example of 

 this is shown, as already mentioned, by the St. Lawrence Island 

 females, both skulls and the living. The females of this isolated 

 island are also unduly short, but their small head is not entirely 

 due to the defective stature. There must exist on this island, it would 

 seem, some, conditions that are disadvantageous to the female. In 

 the small groups, such as that from the Little Diomede, the dishar- 

 monies are doubtless partly due to small numbers of specimens, but 

 there may also be other factors, such as the bringing in of women 

 from other places. 2 



Taking the mean of all the groups equalizes conditions, and it is 

 seen that the module in both sexes is almost identical with that of 

 the more northern groups, to Point Barrow. But the north Arctic 

 and northeastern groups give a cranial module that in both sexes is 

 somewhat higher, though their stature, according to the available 

 data (Deniker, Boas, Duckworth, Steensby, Thalbitzer), is not 

 superior. 



A very remarkable showing is that of the percentage relation of the 

 female to male skull size in the three large groupings. In the first two 

 it is identical, in the third it differs less than could confidently be ex- 

 pected among the closest relatives. Another remarkable fact is that 

 this important relation is found to be much like that in the Eskimo 

 in various groups of Indians; thus it was 96 in the Indians of 



2 More or less danger in such cases as those lies in erroneous sexing of the skulls. Due 

 to experience, care, and especially to the relatively numerous accompanying bones or 

 skeletons, thiB danger in the present series has been reduced to the minimum. 



