BBDi.i.KA] PHYSICAL, AKTHROFOLOGY 261 



The northern and northeastern groups, with the exception of the 

 mesocranic Hudson Bay and Smith Sound contingents, and the very 

 dolichocranic Grecnlanders, show dolichocrany much the same as 

 that of Barrow and Point Barrow. 



HEIGHT OF THE SKULL 



This is a measurement of much value, both alone and as a sup- 

 plement to the cranial index, for skulls with the same index may be 

 high or low and thus really of a radically distinct type. 



The height of the vault is best studied in its relation to the other 

 cranial dimensions, particularly to the mean of the length and 

 breadth, with both of which it correlates. But in the Eskimo it is 

 also of interest to compare the height with the breadth of the skull 

 alone. The former relation is known as the mean height index 

 and the latter as the height-breadth index. Both mean the per- 

 centage value of the basion-bregma height as compared to the other 

 dimensions. 



TT 



The mean height index ,,, . T ■ -p\ » advocated independ- 

 ently by the writer since 1916 (Bull. 62, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 116), 

 is proving of much value in differentiation of types and has already 

 become a permanent feature in all writers' work on the skull. 

 There is a corresponding index also on the living. 



In the American Indian the averages of the index range from 

 approximately 76 to 90. (See Catalogue of Crania, U. S. Nat. Mas., 

 Nos. I and II.) Where the series of specimens are sufficiently large 

 the index does not differ materially in the two sexes. Indices below 

 SO may be regarded as low, those between 80 and 84 as medium, 

 and those above 84 as high. 9 



The southwestern and midwestern Eskimo skulls show mean 

 height indices that may be characterized as moderate to slightly above 

 medium. In general the broader and shorter skulls show lower 

 indices, approaching thus in all the characters of the vault the 

 Mongolian skulls of Asia. (Compare Catalogue Crania, U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., No. I.) The Indian Point, St. Lawrence Island, and Little 

 Diomede Island skulls are again, as with the cranial index, very close 

 together, strengthening the evidence that the three constitute the 

 same group of people. (Pis. 59, 60.) 



The northwestern Eskimo and most of those of the northeast 

 have relatively high vault. Barrow and Point Barrow are once 

 more almost the same. The Point Hope group shows a high vault, 

 though also rather broad. The somewhat broad Hudson Bay crania 



* These subdivisions are somewhat arbitrary and may, as data accumulate and are 

 better understood, bo found to need some modification. 



