HRDLICKA] 



PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 



267 



THE NOSE 



Equally as engaging as the whole face of the Eskimo skull is the 

 cranial nose. Our data throw much light on this feature also. 



Where the dimensions of the whole face are altered by some cause 

 the nose can not remain unaffected. This is especially true of its 

 height, which correlates directly and closely with that of the face 

 proper; the correlation of the breadth of the nose with that of the 

 face is weaker and more irregular, but not absent where not counter- 

 acted by other factors. Accordingly with the high Eskimo upper 

 face there is found also a high nose, both being the highest known 

 to anthropometry. But the nasal breadth, instead of responding to 

 the considerable facial breadth, lias become smaller, until in some of 

 the Eskimo groups it is the smallest of all known human groups. 

 There is plainly another potent factor in action here. This factor 

 could conceivably be connected simply with the above-average growth 

 of the facial bones; but if this were so then individuals with smaller 

 development of these bones ought to have broader noses, and vice 

 versa. This point can readily be tested. Taking the largest and best 

 cranial series, that of St. Lawrence Island, and selecting the skulls 

 with the smallest and the largest faces, the facts come out as follows : 



The above data show that while the narrow nose in the Eskimo is 

 to some extent affected by the large development in these people of 

 the facial bones, yet there must he also other factors. 



But if not wholly connected with the development of the facial 

 bones, then some of the causes of the narrow nose in the Eskimo must 

 either be inherited from far back or must be due to influences outside 

 the face itself. 



Pushing the character far back would be no explanation of its 

 original cause, but it may be shown that such a procedure would not 

 be justified. In the following important table are given the now 

 available data on the breadth of the nasal aperture of the Eskimo. 



