284 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ALASKA [eth. ANN. 46 



dental arch, which in turn is doubtless due to the somewhat larger 

 teeth in the males. 11 



Notwithstanding the just discussed slight sex difference in the 

 Eskimo, the facial angle, i. e., the angle between the basi-alveolar line 

 and the line nasion-alveolar point, is equal in the two sexes. This 

 equalization is due largely, if not wholly, to the effect in the males 

 of the relatively longer basio-nasion diameter (v. a.), while the 

 alveolar angle, or that between the basi-alveolar and the subnasal 

 lines, is in general by about 1 per cent lower in the females (males. 

 56°; females, 55°), indicating a slightly greater slant of the subnasal 

 region in the female, which can only be due to a relatively slightly 

 shorter in this sex of the basion-subnasal point diameter. As a matter 

 of fact, the percentage relation of this diameter to the length of the 

 skull amounts in the males to 56.3, in the females to but 55.6. 



Compared to that in the Indians, the facial angle in the Eskimo 

 skulls shows close affinities. Its value (69°) is very nearly the same 

 as in the mound skulls from Arkansas and Louisiana (males 70.7°, 

 females 69°). In other Indians it ranges from close to 68° to 71.5°. 

 In the Munsee it reached 73.5°. In whites, according to Rivet's 

 data, 12 it ranges from about 72° to 75° ; in a group of negroes it was 

 68.5°. In American and other negro crania measured by me 13 it 

 ranged from 67° to 70.5°, in Melanesians from 66° to 68°, in Aus- 

 tralians from 67° to 69°. 



The alveolar angle is more variable. It shows considerable indi- 

 vidual, sex, and group differences. It averages slightly to moder- 

 ately higher, which means a more open angle or less slant in the males 

 than in the females. In the Eskimo as a whole it was seen to be 

 approximately 56° in the males, 55° in the females; in the Munsee 

 Indians (Bull. 62, Bur. Amer. Ethn.) it was males 59°, females 

 57° ; in the Arkansas and Louisiana skulls (J. Ac. Sci., Phila., 1909, 

 XIV) it averaged males 55°, females 52°. In my catalogue material 

 it shows a group variation of 46.5° to 55.5° in the negro, 47.5° 

 to 52.5° in the Australians, 46.5° to 50.5° in the Melanesians. In the 

 whites it generally exceeds 60°. 



Differences in facial and alveolar protrusion among the Eskimo 

 according to area are small, yet they are not wholly absent. The 

 figures below show that in the southwesterners and midwesterners, 

 where the skull is more rounded, the prognathism is smallest; and 

 that toward the north and northeast, where the skull is narrower 

 and the palate (dental arch) tends to become longer, prognathism 

 increases. The " Old Igloo " group shows once more such affinity with 

 the Greenlanders that it is placed with the third subdivision. 



11 Compare writer's Variation in the dimensions of lower molars in man and anthropoid 

 apes. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., VI, 423-438, Washington. 1923. 



'- Rivet, P., Recherches sur le prognathisme. L'Anthropologie, xx, pp. 35, 175 ; Paris, 

 1909. xxi, pp. 505, 637, 1910. 



"Cat. Crania, D. S. Nat. Mus., etc., No. 3. Washington, 1928, 88, 105. 139. 



