hkdlicka] 



THE LOWER JAW 



Females to Males (M = 100) 



305 



The Eskimo lower jaw, which, as seen before, is characterized by 

 a high and stout body and the broadest rami, shows further that 

 these rami are remarkably low, and that the bigonial spread is 

 extraordinarily broad. The length of the body, on the other hand, 

 is not very exceptional, being perceptibly exceeded in some of the 

 Indians. 



The Angle 



The angle between the body and the ramus of the lower jaw is 

 known to differ with the age and sex as well as individually. Not 

 seldom it differs also, and that sometimes quite appreciably, on the 

 two sides. Kacial differences are as yet uncertain. 



The angle, especially in some specimens, is not easy to measure, 

 and the position of the jaw may make a difference of several degrees. 

 Numerous trials have shown that the proper way is to measure the 

 angle on the two sides separately, and to so place the jaw in each 

 case that there is no interference with the measurement by either 

 the posterior or the anterior enlarged end of the condyle. 



Leaving out jaws in which extensive loss of teeth has in all 

 probability resulted in changes in the angle, the western Eskimo 

 material gives the following data : 



Western Eskimo: Angle of the Lower Jaw 



Right side- 



Male 



(224) 

 119. 6° 



Female 



(217) 

 124.5° 



Left side. 



Male 



(218) 

 119. 5" 



Female 



(207) 

 124.3° 



In the male Munsee Indians the angle was 118°; in those of 

 Arkansas and Louisiana, 118.5°; in those of Peru (Martin, Lehrb., 

 884), 119°. In the whites, males, the average angle approximates 

 122°; in the Negro, 121° (Topinard, Martin). 



