HKDLIfKA] ORIGIN AND ANTIQUITY OF THE ESKIMO 335 



employed in their affiliation. From the Peninsula of Alaska to the 

 Aleutian chain of islands, and from the Aleutian chain to Kamskatka 

 is the probable course of the migration from Asia to America — traced 

 backwards, i. e.. from the goal to the starting point, from the circum- 

 ference to the center." 



Pickering. 1854 : 54 " The Arctic Regions seem exclusively possessed 

 by the Mongolian race." 



"Wilson, 18G3: r ' 5 "The same mode of comparison which confirms 

 the ethnical affinities between the Esquimaux and their insular or 

 Asiatic congeners, reveals, in some respects, analogies rather than 

 contrast between the dolichocephalic Indian crania and those of the 

 hyperborean race." 



Markham, lSaG: 56 "The interesting question now arises — whence 

 came these Greenland Esquimaux, these Innuit. or men, as they call 

 themselves, and as I think they ought to be called by us? They are 

 not descendants of the Skroellings of the opposite American coast, 

 as has already been seen. It is clear that they can not have come 

 from the eastward, over the ocean which intervenes between Lapland 

 and Greenland, for no Esquimaux traces have ever been found on 

 Spitzbergen, Iceland, or Jan Mayen. We look at them and see at 

 once that they have no kinship with the red race of America; but a 

 glance suffices to convince us of their relationship with the northern 

 tribes of Siberia. It is in Asia, then, that we must seek their origin." 



Whymper, 18G9: E7 " That the coast natives of northern Alaska are 

 but Americanized Tchuktchis from Asia, I myself have no doubt."' 



Peschel, 1876 : 58 "The identity of their language with that of the 

 Namollo, their skill on the sea, their domestication of the dog, their 

 use of the sledge, the Mongolian type of their faces, their capability 

 for higher civilization, are sufficient reasons for answering the ques- 

 tion, whether a migration took place from Asia to America or con- 

 versely from America to Asia, in favor of the former alternative; 

 yet such a migration from Asia by way of Bering Strait must have 

 occurred at a much later period than the first colonization of the 

 New World from the Old one * * *. 



" It is not likely that the Eskimo spread from America to Asia, 

 because of all Americans they have preserved the greatest resem- 

 blance in racial characters to the Mongolian nations of the Old 



<* Pickering, Charles, The races nf man, p. 7. London, 1854. 



K Wilson, Daniel, rhysical ethnology. Smithsonian Report for 1862, p. 262. Wash- 

 ington, 1863. 



M Markham, C. R.. On the origin and migrations of the Greenland Esquimaux. J. 

 Roy. Geog. Soc, rrxv. p. 90. London, 1865. 



57 Whymper, Frederick, Travels i" Alaska and on the Yukon, p. 214. New York, 1869. 



"Peschel, Oscar, The races of man, pp. 396-97. New York, 1876. 



