338 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IN ALASKA [eth. ann. 40 



1887 : 62 " Professor Flower said that his investigation into the 

 physical characteristics of the Eskimos led him to agree entirely 

 with Doctor Kae's conclusions derived from other sources. He looked 

 upon the Eskimos as a branch of the North Asiatic Mongols (of 

 which the Japanese may be taken as a familiar example), who in 

 their wandering across the American continent, in the eastward direc- 

 tion, isolated almost as perfectly as an island population would be, 

 hemmed in on one side by the eternal polar ice, and on the other by 

 hostile tribes of American Indians, with whom they rarely, if ever, 

 mingled, have-gradually developed special modifications of the Mon- 

 golian type, which increase in intensity from west to east, and are 

 seen in their greatest perfection in the inhabitants of Green- 

 land. * * * 



" Doctor Rae also thinks that the Eskimos came from across Bering 

 Strait from Asia. Their traditions and many other things point in 

 that direction, and they are in no way related to the ancient cave 

 men of Europe." 



Dawson, 1880 : 63 Eskimo : " On the eastern side of the continent 

 these poor people have always been separated by a marked line from 

 their Indian neighbors on the south, and have been regarded by them 

 with the most bitter hostility. On the west, however, they pass into 

 the Eastern Siberians, on the one hand, and into the West-coast In- 

 dians, on the other, both by language and physical characters. They 

 and the northern tribes at least of West-coast Indians, belong in all 

 probability to a wave of population spreading from Bering Strait." 



Quatrefages et Hamy ; 1882 : ei " Les Esquimaux ou Eskimos, qui se 

 nomment eux-memes Innuits, constituent dans la serie mongolique 

 un groupe exceptionnel, qui differe a maints egards de ceux qui 

 viennent de passer sous nos yeux, mais dont l'origine asiatique n'est 

 plus aujourd'hui contestee et dont les affinites occidentales frappent 

 de plus en plus les observateurs speciaux." 



Brown, 1888 : 65 " It is only when we come to the region beginning 

 at Cape Shelagskii and extending to the East Cape of Siberia that 

 we find any traces of them. This tract is now held by the coast 

 Tchukchi, but it was not always their home, for they expelled from 

 this dreary stretch the Onkilon or Eskimo race who took refuge in 

 or near less attractive quarters between the East Cape and Anadvrskii 

 Bay." 



" Rae, John. Remarks on the Natives of British North America. Jour. Anthrop. Inst. 

 Great Britain and Ireland, m, p. 200. London, 1887. 



M Dawson, J. W., Fossil men and their modern representatives, pp. 48—49. Montreal, 

 1880. 



" Quatrefages, A. de, et Haroy, E. T., Crania ethnica. Les cranes des races humaines, 

 p. 437. Paris, 1882. 



" Brown, Robert, The origin of the Eskimo. The Archaeological Review, I, No. 4, pp. 

 238-289. London, 1888. 



