hedi.i.kaI ORIGIN AND ANTIQUITY OF THE ESKIMO 339 



Ratzel, 1897 : ** " If we ask whence they came, Asia seems most 

 obvious, since between the American and Asiatic coasts of Bering 

 Straits, intercourse has always been ventured upon even in the rudest 

 skin-boats. * * * 



" Ethnographic indications also point predominantly to the 

 west. * * * 



" But we have an equal right to suppose a migration from America 

 into Asia." 



Thalbitzer, 1914 : CT "I still believe (like Rink), that the common 

 Eskimo mother-group has at one time lived to the west at the Bering 

 Strait, coming originally from the coasts of Siberia.*' 



Fiirst and Hansen, 1915 : 68 '"We are to some extent acquainted 

 with the diffusion of the Eskimos over the earth, and know that they 

 could not have come directly from Europe and that Greenland was 

 populated from the west, one may naturally conclude, as has often 

 been concluded before, that their descent is from the west, in other 

 words from Asia, though the time at which such an immigration took 

 place and the racial type which they then possessed must remain 

 still more hypothetical than immigration itself." 



Mathiassen, 1927 : r '° " We must therefore imagine that the Thule 

 culture, with all its peculiar whaling culture, has originated some- 

 where in the western regions, in an Arctic area, where whales wore 

 plentiful and wood abundant, and we are involuntarily led toward the 

 coasts of Alaska and East Siberia north of Bering Strait, the regions 

 to which we have time after time had to turn in order to find parallels 

 to types from the Central Eskimo finds. There all the conditions 

 have been present for the originating of such a culture, and from 

 there it has spread eastward right to Greenland, seeking everywhere 

 to adapt itself to the local geographical conditions. And it can 

 hardly have been a culture wave alone; it must have been a migra- 

 tion. The similarities between east and west are in many directions 

 so detailed that it is difficult to explain them without assuming an 

 actual migration of people from the one place to the other." 



Jochelson. 1928 : 70 "In discussing the question of former Eskimo 

 occupation of the Siberian Arctic coast a very remote period of time 

 is not meant, so that in this sense the assumed recent Eskimo migra- 

 tions from Asia into America and vice versa do not interfere with the 

 general theory of the Asiatic origin of the American population." 



"• Battel, Frirdrich. The history of mankind, it, pp. 10T-10S. London, 1897. 



'~ Ttaalbitzor. W„ The Amma— Ht Eskimo. Meddelelser om Grnnland, vol. xxxix, pt. 

 1, p. 717. Copenhagen, 1014. 



" Fiirst, Carl If., and Fr. C. C. Hansen, Crania Groenlandica, p. 228. Copenhagen. 

 1915. 



00 Mathiassen, Therkel, Archaeology of the central Eskimos. Report of the Fifth 

 Thule Expedition 1921-1924, p. 184. Copenhagen, 1927. 



70 Jochelson, W., Peoples of Asiatic Russia. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 60. New York, 

 1928. 



