344 ANTHROPOLOGICAL STXBVEY IN ALASKA [Bin. ANN. HI 



(heat Fish River, the Mackenzie carried them to the northwestern 

 coast, and clown the Yukon they came to people the shores of Norton 

 Sound and along the coast to Cape Prince of Wales. They occupied 

 some of the coast to the south of the mouth of the Yukon, and a few 

 drifted across Bering Strait on the ice, and their natural traits are 

 still in marked contrast with their neighbors, the Chuckchee. They 

 use dogs instead of deer, the natives of North America having never 

 domesticated the reindeer, take their living from the sea, and speak a 

 different tongue. Had the migration come from Asia it does not 

 stand to reason that they would have abandoned the deer upon 

 crossing the straits." 



Keane, 1886 : 82 " Dr. H. Rink, in the current number of the 

 Deutsche Geographische Blatter (Bermen, 188G) * * * makes 

 it sufficiently evident that their primeval home must be placed in 

 the extreme northwest, on the Alaskan shores of the Bering Sea 



* * * the Aleutian Islanders, who are treated by Doctor Rink as a 

 branch of the Eskimo family, but whose language diverges pro- 

 foundly from, or rather shows no perceptible affinity at all to, the 

 Eskimo. The old question respecting the ethnical affinities of the 

 Aleutians is thus again raised, but not further discussed by our 

 author. To say that they must be regarded as ' ein abnormer 

 Seitenzweig,' merely avoids the difficulty, while perhaps obscuring 

 or misstating the true relations altogether. For these islanders 

 should possibly be regarded, not ' as abnormal offshoot,' but as the 

 original stock from which the Eskimos themselves have diverged. 



* * * Doctor Rink himself advances some solid reasons for bring- 

 ing the Eskimo, not from Asia at all, or at least not in the first 

 instance, but from the interior of the North American continent. He 

 holds, in fact, with some other ethnologists, that they were originally 

 inlanders, who, under pressure from the American Indians, gradu- 

 ally advanced along the course of the Yukon, Mackenzie, and other 

 great rivers, to their present homes on the Bering Sea, and Frozen 

 Ocean." 



No individual or decided standpoint on the question is taken in 

 the author's Man, Past and Present, 1920 edition. 



Brown, 1881 : 83 " The Eskimo are therefore an essentially American 

 people, with a meridional range greater than that of any other 

 race. * * * 



" It is also clear that this migration has always been from west to 

 east, as also has been that of the Indian tribes; * * * 



" Did these hyperboreans come from Asia or are they evolutions, 

 differentiations, as it were, of some of the other American races? 



" Keane; A. H., The Eskimo. Nature, xxxv, pp. 300, 310. London, New York, 1886-87. 

 83 Brown, Robert, The Origin of the Eskimo. The Archaeological Review, I, No. 4, pp. 

 240-250. London, 1888. 



