348 ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY IX ALASKA [eth. ANN. 46 



latter has retreated farther and farther north during the historical 

 period. May not the race that lived on these two animals in southern 

 Gaul have shared also in their northern retreat, and may it not be 

 living in company with them still? The truth of such a hypoth- 

 esis as this is found by an appeal to the weapons, implements, and 

 habits of life of the Esquimaux. The fowling spear, the harpoon, 

 the scrapers, the marrow spoons are the same in the ice huts of Mel- 

 ville Sound as in the ancient dwellings of southern Gaul. In both 

 there is the same absence of pottery; in both bones are crushed in the 

 same way for the sake of the marrow, and accumulate in vast quanti- 

 ties. The very fact of human remains being found among the relics 

 of the feast is explained by an appeal to what Captain Parry ob- 

 served in the island of Igloolik. Among the vast quantities of bones 

 of walruses and seals, and skulls of dogs and bears found in the Esqui- 

 maux camp, were numbers of human skulls lying about among the 

 rest, which the natives tumbled into the collecting bags of the officers 

 without the least remorse. A similar carelessness for the dead was 

 also observed by Sir J. Ross and Captain Lyon. This presence, then, 

 of human remains in the south of Gaul is another link binding the 

 ancient people then living there to the Esquimaux. Their small size 

 also is additional evidence. 



" The only inference that can be drawn from these premises is 

 that the people in question were decidedly Esquimaux, related to 

 them precisely in the same way as the reindeer and musk sheep of 

 those days were to those now living in the high North American 

 latitudes. The sole point of difference is the possession of the dog 

 by the latter people, but in the vast lapse of time between the date 

 of their sojourn in Europe and the present day the dog might very 

 well have been adopted from some other superior race, or even re- 

 duced under the rule of man from some wild progenitor. By this 

 discovery a new people is added to those which formerly dwelt in 

 Europe. The severity of the climate in southern Gaul is proved by 

 the northern animals above mentioned. As it became warmer musk 

 sheep, reindeer, and Esquimaux would retreat farther and farther 

 north until they found a resting place on the American shore of the 

 great Arctic Sea. Possibly in the case of the Esquimaux the immi- 

 gration of other and better-armed tribes might be a means of acceler- 

 ating this movement." 



Hamy, 1870 : 95 " II nous parait, comme a MM. de Quatref ages, Car- 

 ter-Blake, Le Hon, etc., que les caracteres anatomiques des races de 

 Furfooz et de Cro-Magnon doivent leur faire prendre place dans le 

 groupe hyperboreen." 



" Hamy, E. T., Precis de paleontologie humaine, p. 355. Taris, 1S70. 



