hrdliCka] ORIGIN AND ANTIQUITY OF THE ESKIMO 357 



can not be full} 7 separated. They appear only as the thumb and the 

 dibits of the same hand, some large old mother stock from which 

 both gradually differentiated. This appears to be an unavoidable, 

 conclusion from the present anthropological knowledge of the two 

 peoples. 



The next unavoidable deduction is that the mother stock of both 

 the Eskimo and the Indian can only be identified with the great 

 yellow-brown stem of man, the home of which was in Asia, but the 

 roots of which, as has been discussed elsewhere, were probably in 

 ancient (later paleolithic) Europe.-' The latter fact may explain the 

 cultural as well as somatological resemblances between the Eskimo, 

 as well as the Indian (for the Indian, physically at least, has much 

 in common with the upper Aurignacians), and the upper glacial 

 European populations. But such an explanation can not in the 

 light of present knowledge legitimately be extended to the assump- 

 tion that either the Indian complex or the Eskimo originated as 

 such in Europe; they could be at most but parts of the eventual more 

 or less further differentiated Asiatic progeny of the upper paleolithic 

 Europeans. 



3. Mi.rture. — It has been assumed by Boas and others that the 

 eastern Eskimo have become admixed with the eastern Indian and 

 the western with the Alaskan Indian, that the physical and especially 

 craniological differences between the eastern and western Eskimo were 

 due to such a mixture, and that both extremes deviated from the type 

 of the pure Eskimo, who was to be found somewhere in the central 

 Arctic. The evidence of the present studies does not sustain such an 

 assumption. 



As shown before- 3 and is seen more clearly from the present data, 

 the western Eskimo type is also present or approached in various 

 localities in the far north (part of Smith Sound, Southampton 

 Island, part of the Hudson Ba}- coast, with probable spots in the 

 central Arctic proper). There is no indication of any central region 

 where the western Eskimo type would be much " purer " than 

 elsewhere. 



Individual skulls and skeletons in the west, particularly in certain 

 s]3ots (especially on Seward Peninsula), show the same characteris- 

 tics as the most diverging skulls or skeletons in the farthest 

 northeast. 



And both in the west and in the east the most pronounced Eskimo 

 characteristics exceed similar features in the Indian, indicating in- 

 dependent development. Such characteristics involve the stature 



M Ilrrtlifkn, A., The Peopling of Asia. Troc. Am. Pbilos. Sue. i.x. 535 el seQ. 1921 ; and 

 The Peopling of the Earth. Ibid., lxv, 150, et set). ISL'G. 



"- 1 Contrib. Antbrop. Central and Smith Sound Eskimo. ADthrop. Papers Am. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., 1910. 



