156 ISLAND CULTURE AREA OF AMERICA [eth.ann. 34 



side than on tlie upper, which fact, so far as it goes, is opposed to 

 the theory that it was lashed to a foreign body. This specimen is 

 from the Heye Museum. 



The specimens (pi. 78, A, B, C) are pestles so fashioned that we 

 begin to have a differentiation of a disk or enlarged base in order to 

 .secure a greater grinding surface, and a handle ending in a knob. 

 When the disk or base is seen from the side, it appears to be convex, 

 flattened at the upper surface. Similar forms (pi. 78, D, E) re- 

 sembling meat choppers in profile have been mistaken for weapons 

 by Prof. Mason in his account of the Guesde specimens, but the 

 indication is that these, like the one considered, should be called 

 pestles or grinders. This form of pestle appears to have been very 

 abundant in Guadeloupe. 



In another specimen, also from the Guesde collection, the basal 

 part or disk is globular when seen from the side and is surrounded 

 by an enlargement which may have been carved into a rude figure, 

 a character Aery pronounced in Santo Domingo pestles. 



The implement shown in plate 79, A, in the Berlin Museum, is one 

 of the characteristic forms of pestle in the Guesde collection. In this 

 specimen the base is massive, and when seen in profile it will be no- 

 ticed that the outer upper edge is slightly curved inward, a feature 

 that becomes very pronounced in several specimens. The large size 

 of this object suggests that it was used for bruising roots rather than 

 for grinding grains, a function whicli it may share with several other 

 specimens. 



The striking feature of the next specimen, also from the Guesde 

 collection in Berlin, as shown in plate 79. B. is the almost abnormal 

 enlargement of both base and head, imparting to it a spool shape 

 when seen in profile. The two ends of a dumb-bell object have their 

 edges turned toward each other so that in profile they have crescentic 

 outlines most pronounced in the basal region. This implement, like 

 the preceding, was probably used in bruising roots rather than in 

 pounding grains of corn. 



Plate 79, T, is an ax of the characteristic St. Vincent type, with 

 groove and extensions on the apex. 



The flattened form of grinders in which the base is extended on 

 each sid» into horns is shown in the next specimen (pi. 79, F). also 

 from the Berlin Museum. The object here takes the form of a chop- 

 per with blunt edge: th^ handle is short with termination enlarged. 

 This type of pestle is represented by several specimens in the Guesde 

 collection, all of which have as the common feature the extension of 

 the base on each side and flat opposite faces. 



