18 THE PIMA INDIANS [eth. .ixx. 26 



old belongings that for a month or two after going into their midst 

 there seemed but little opportunity of securing anything approacliing 

 a representative series. Several specimens that were finally discov- 

 ered are believed to be the very last of their kind among the Pimas, 

 though of course such a statement must be made with reserve. Prof. 

 J. J. Thomber, of the University of Arizona, accompanied the party 

 on a' round trip of 80 miles along the Gila river and to him the 

 collection is indebted for about 50 herbarium specimens, represent- 

 ing the larger portion of the economic plants of the Pimas that are 

 susceptible of preparation in this way. To him also is due the credit 

 of examining and identifying the mass of material gathered by the 

 persons engaged at Casa Blanca and Gila Crossing. As complete a 

 list as possible of the plants used for food, medicine, and the. like was 

 made, after which the services of both men and women were enlisted 

 to point out the plants in the course of a trip through the river bottoms 

 or on the hills. Furthermore, a number of sets of seeds was obtained, 

 a portion of which were planted during the summer of 1902 for the 

 purpose of raising plants that could not otherwise be identified. 

 Unfortunately, the season proved too dry for them to germinate and 

 the list is consequently less complete than it should be. The Pima 

 name is given in all cases. 



The American people owe the Pimas a lasting debt of gratitude. 

 The California pioneers that traversed the southern route before the 



warfare between the Pimas and the Apaches. After several months acquaintance with tUs old woman 

 Mrs Russell obtained from her much information concerning the Pima woman's views of warfare as 

 well as knowledge of facts pertaining to various customs, especially those peculiar to her sex. 



Antonio Azul (see pi. II, a) was the head chief of the tribe, and from hi:n much information concerning 

 war customs and recent liistory was obtained. 



Ki'satc, Cheese, an old Santan pariah, had employed such wit as grudging nature had endowed him 

 with in pr.actising the arts of the medicine-man. His contributions, while of a minor character, proved 

 to be of interest. 



William Blackwater, an elderly Pima, had taken an active part in the later history of the village of 

 Blackwater. which is situated at the eastern end of the reservation. He was employed but a short time 

 and gave information concerning history and customs. 



Ha'hali, or Juan Thomas, a Christian Pima who was formerly a medicine-man, contributed much val- 

 uable information concerning the " occult." He also furnished a calendar record and made a number 

 of specimens illustrating the medicine-man's paraphernalia. 



Tco'kflt Nak. Owl Ear (pl.ii, !)i,anold man, lived at the Salt River village and was the first from 

 whom a calendar record was obtained. 



Benjamin Thompson, so far as could be learned, kepttheonlycalendar in the central group of villages 

 about Casa Blanca, and he related the events that are commemorated by it. 



KaemE'i-a. Rattlesnake Head (pi. ii. c), a cliief, is known to the whites as Joseph Head. He gave 

 an excellent specimen of a calendar record and stick. 



Interpreters. The principal interpreter, who was employed by the month during the entire period of 

 the writer's stay, was Jose Lewis, a Papago who had lived from childhood among the Pimas. He had 

 once been engaged by the Bureau of .Vmerican Ethnology to write a vocabulary of his own language 

 and to supply other information, so that he was acquainted with the phonetic alphabet and other 

 approved methods of procedure. He was engaged in linguistic work the greater part of the time. 



Melissa Jones, the olficial interpreter at the a.gency, was employed to interpret the statements of 

 Stka'tcu, her mother, known to the whites as " Old Mary, " and also at intervals on the calendars. 



Jacob L.^ Roberts spoke quite as good English as the average white man of the country and was em- 

 ployed to secure Tco'kut Nak's calendar (pi. ii, &) and for the final revision of the linguistic material. 



Carl Smart, of Sacaton. and Thomas .Vllison. of Blackwater, were occasionally engaged as tempo- 

 rary interpreters. In addition to these there were half a dozen others who were employed for from 

 one to three days each at the lower villages. 



