28 THE PIMA INDIANS (eth. ann. 26 



he gave away great quantities of beads, and as the people already 

 valued highly those of their own manufacture it is probable that they 

 readily accepted Kino's statement that magic power resided in the 

 new beads of glass. At any rate, the writer has found very old glass 

 beads on all Piman shrines and has no doubt that some of them were 

 brought by Kino. The first horses, also, to reach Pimeria were brought 

 by these expeditions. There is no record of any cattle being brought 

 so far north, though they wcr(> generally distributed to the Papago 

 rancherias in Kino's time. 



After the death of Kino, in 1711, no Spaniard is known to have 

 reached the Gila or even to have entered Arizona for a period of more 

 than twenty years. In 1731 two missionaries, Father Felipe Segres- 

 ser and Juan Bautista Grashoffer, took charge of the missions of San 

 Xavier del Bac and San Miguel de Guevavi and became the first per- 

 manent Spanish residents of Arizona. In 1736-37 Padre Ignacio 

 Javier Keller, of Suamca, made two trips to the Pima villages on the 

 Gila, where he found "that many of the rancherias of Kino's time 

 had been broken up." ° Again in 1743 Keller went up to the Pimas 

 and endeavored to penetrate the Apache country to the northward. 

 Communications by means of native messengers indicated a desire on 

 the i)art of the Hopis to have Jesuit missionaries come to them from 

 Sonora. The point of greatest interest to us is that any communica- 

 tion should have existed at all. Keller failed in his attempt on 

 account of the hostility of the Apaches, and Sedelmair, who tried to 

 make the journey in the following year, was unable to induce the 

 Pimas or Maricopas to accompany him. In 1748 Sedelmair reached 

 the Gila near the mouth of the Salt river and journeyed westward. 

 Of his trip to the Gila in 1750 little is known. 



Accounts of these earliest missionaries of course preceded them by 

 means of Papago messengers, who doubtless made clear the distinc- 

 tion between the slave-hunting Spanish adventurers and the Jesuits 

 and Franciscans. Fortunately for the Pimas they were cjuite beyond 

 the reach of the former and were so remote from the Sonoran settle- 

 ments that only the most devout and energetic friars ever reached 

 them. 



The first military force to be stationed in Arizona was a garrison of 

 60 men at Tubac, on the Santa Cruz. This presidio was moved to 

 Tucson about 1776, and in 1780 the garrison was increased to 75 men. 

 Even when at Tucson the influence of this small force on the Pimas 

 could not have been very great. Between 1 768 and 1776 Padre Fran- 

 cisco Garces matle five trips from San Xavier del Bac to the Pimas 

 and beyond. The fifth entrada was well described in Garces's Diary 

 (admirably translated and edited by Elliott Coues under the title ''On 

 the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer"), though he exliibited a pitiful waste 



o Bancroft, .wii, 362. 



