RUSSELL] RELATIONS WITH AMERICANS 31 



A battalion of dragoons under Maj. L. P. Graham marched west- 

 ward to Cahfornia by way of the Pima villages in 1848. Bancroft 

 states that he has a manuscript diary from Capt. Cave J. Coutts, of 

 this battalion, in wliich it is recorded that the Pimas were very hos- 

 pitable and exhibited conspicuous signs of tlu-ift." 



The parties of the Boimdary Sm-vey Commissioners passed do\\ii 

 the Gila in 1851, and the accoimt of the Pimas by J. R. Bartlett, the 

 American commissioner, is by far the best that has been published 

 thus far.' Bartlett's party returned eastward through the Pima 

 villages in 1852. 



In 1S54 Lieuts. J. G. Parke ^ and George Stoneman began at the 

 Pima villages the survey for a railroad which was destined to pass 

 through just a quarter of a century later. In 1855 Lieutenant Parke, 

 with another party, made a second survey and again visited the villages. 



From the time of the discovery of gold in California, in 1840, 

 parties of gold seekers, numbering in all many thousand persons each 

 vear, followed the Gila route, meeting with hospitality from the Pimas 

 and almost equally miiform hostility from the Apaches. The loca- 

 tion of the Pimas in the midst of the 280-mile stretch between Tucst)n 

 and Yuma was a peculiarly fortunate one for the travelers, who could 

 count \ipon supplies and if need be protection at a point where their 

 journey otherwise must have been most perilous. "^ 



Tlie I'nited States Government first recognized the value of the 

 assistance rendered by tlie Pimas when by act of Congress of Feb- 

 ruary 28, 1859, iSljOOO was appropriated for a survey of their lands 

 and S10,000 for gifts.' 



o History of Arizona and New Mexico, 479. 



b Personal Narrative, 1854. 2 vols. 



c ■• Their chiefs and old men were all eloquent in professions of friendship for the .\jnericans and were 

 equally desirous that we should read thecertiiicates of good offices rendered various parties while passing 

 through their country." Pacific Hailroad Report, ii, 5. 



J •■ Since the year 1849 (they) have acted in the capacity of and w-ith even more efficiency than a frontier 

 military. They have protected .\merican emigrants from molestation by Apaches, ami when the latter 

 have stolen stock from the emigrants, the I'inios and Maricopas have punished them and recovered their 

 animals. Yet in all this time [ten yearsl nothing has lieen done for them by our Govermnent." Extract 

 from a letter in the .\lta California, June 28, 1S.5S, quoted in S. Ex. Doc. 1, pt. 1, 55ti, 3.ith Cong., 2d 

 sess., 1859. 



"A company of nearly one hundred of their best warriors was enlisted into the United States serrice in 

 the latter part of 1865. which served one year with great credit to themselves and did much good serv- 

 ice in quelling our common enemy. Seventy of them have just been mustered out [ISBT] of the United 

 States service, after having performed six months' duty as spies and scouts, for which service they are 

 invaluable." Report of Commissioner of Indian .VUairs, 1807, 163. 



' Following is a Ust of the articles distributed among the Ilmas and Maricopas, as reported by Mowrj-: 

 444 axes. 36 hammers. 3 pairs tongs. 



018 shovels. 48 rakes. 1 set stock and dies. 



31 hand saws. 48 trowels. 12 file handles. 



706 butcher knives. 12 screw-drivers. 30 hatchets. 



516 hoes. 1 " carpenter shop." 1'20 picks. 



240 sickles. 15 plows. 7 kegs nails. 



48 files. 15 sets plow harness. 9 gross screws. 



270 harrow teeth. 1 forge. 1,400 needles. 



48 mattocks. 1 an^•il. 1 box sheet tin. 



72 whetstones. 1 vise. 4,000 pounds baricy. 



15 grindstones. 1 set sledges. 1 pint turnip seed. 



30 hay forks. 1 cast-steel hand hammer. 



Mowry explains that a larger number of plows would have been included in tills lot of tools and imple- 



