76 THK PIMA INDIANS [eth. a.nn. 26 



and dry the fruit as they do that of the sagiiaro, but the Pmias make 

 no further use of it than to eat it raw. 



Nyi'atam, Malva sp. This plant is boiled and the liquid used in 

 maidng pinole in times of famine. 



O'-opat, Acacia greggii. The beans of the cat's-claw (pi. vii, b) 

 were eaten in primitive times, but no one of the present generation 

 knows how they were prepared. 



Ositcu'uuipat, Zizj-phus lycioides. The black berry of this thorny 

 bush is gathered in the basket bowls after it has been beaten down 

 with sticks. It is eaten raw and the seeds are thrown away. 



Pap' hint. The heads are tied in bunches and dried in the sun. 

 They are then shelled, screened, the seeds parched, groimd on the 

 metate, and eaten as pinole. They are "not sweet." 



Pavf{i), Phaseohis vulgaris Linn. At least one variety of the com- 

 mon kidney bean, pole bean, bunch bean, etc., was known to the 

 natives before the advent of tJie Spaniards. Venegas states" that 

 "red frLxoles, or kidnej' beans" [Phaseolus sp.], were cultivated by the 

 natives of lower California, and tliis may have been the variety knu\ni 

 in Pimeria.'' 



Pel'tHlany, Triticum sativum Lam. Wheat is the principal crop 

 of the Pimas, and four varieties are known to them. It is ground 

 on the metate to make the flour used m cooking the great loaves 

 that weigh from 10 to 20 pounds. Tortillas resembling those of 

 the Mexicans are now more commonly used than the heavy loaves of 

 former days. A light and toothsome doughnut is fried in bubbling 

 hot suet (pi. VI, «). One of the commonest methods of preparing 

 wheat is to parch it, grmd it on the metate, and eat it as a sort of thin 

 gruel called hak(i) tcoi; or the wheat maybe boiled before parchuig, 

 in which case the product is known as pars&[ tcoi. Both are known to 

 the whites by the Mexican term "pmole." 



Rsat. The bulb of the wild onion is eaten. It is common on the 

 slopes at the foot of the Estrellas. 



Rso'-owdi. The fine reddish seed is boiled with flour as a nuish. 



Rsur^su-uHJi. This is used as greens with similar plants. 



<• History of Calilomia, 45. 



6 The entire region occupied by tribes of tlie Pinmn stocli, extending over the larger part of Sonora 

 as far northward as the Rio Gila, was known to the Spanish as Pimeria. That portion between the 

 Yaquis and the Gila was called Pimeria Alta. The Papagos occupy nearly all this territory, and of 

 late it is commonly called Papagueria. For an undetermined mmiber of centuries the Pimas proper 

 have occupied the middle Gila di.strict. Their habitat differs, therefore, from that of the other tribes 

 of the stock, and for convenience their territory will be here designated by the term Pimeria. 



Buschmann states in Die Pima-Sprachethat " Duflot dfMoiras (explorationdulerriloiredeVOrigon, 

 des Cahfornies et de la mer vermeUU T. I., Par. 1844. p. 208) setzt die Pimeria aim von den Flussen Colo- 

 rado und Gila an bis zur Stadt lUrmosUlo und zum rio dc los Vrcs: Aie Pimeria baia \onitSb anbiszum 

 Tio del Fnerte. welcher die Granze von Sonora und Cinaloa bildet. Er setzt beidc, zu grosse Pimerias 

 gleich Ober- und Nieder-Sonora: 'io Sonore se divise en haule et basse, el prend aussi, ti cause des 

 Indiens Pimas, le nam de Pimeria alta y baja.' Arricivlta (p. 390) bestimmt die Pimeria alta so: ■ Die 

 ganze Pimeria alta dehnt sich aus vora Presidio de Terruite bis zu den ptayas de Cnborea, fiber 100 leguas; 

 und von der Mission S. Igmieio von S nach N bis zum Gi7a-Flusse, wieder 100 leguas: ihr grosster Theil 

 liegt unter dem 30ten Breitcngrade. Toda la Pimeria (39"i eslli habitada de Indios.' " P. 321, 322. 



