RUSSELL] 



DOMESTICATION OF AXIM.VLS 



85 



and it is not until the mesquite leaves appear in April that the 

 horses can browse upon food sufiiciently nourishing to i)ut them in 

 good condition. As the mesquite beans ripen, in June and July, live 

 stock fattens rapidly. A few owners gather and store the beans for 

 stock feed. Very few are able to buy hay or rolled barley. 



Cattle." Sala Jlina declared that her father and liis brother, two 

 Kwahadk's, brought the first cattle to the Pimas about 1820. The 

 Spanish missionaries throughout Papagueria brnuglit live stock to 

 their stations for at least two centuries before the date given, so that 



Fig. 5. Men and women in modem costume, and pinto pony. 



the Pimas were at least aware of the value of cattle for a long time. 

 The custom of killing and eating the cattle at the death of their 

 owners contributed materially toward preventing increase in Pima 

 herds. Oxen were very scarce for half a century after their intro- 

 duction, and the old men and women speak sadly of the weary 

 waiting for their turn to use the single ox that dragged the wooden 

 plow for perhaps a whole village. Oxen are now no longer used; 

 with their head j'okes and the wooden plows they are of the past, 



o In 1846 Emory found that "they have liut lew cattle, which are used in tillage, and apparently all 

 steers, procured from the Mexicans, Their horses and mules are not plenty, and those they possessed 

 were priced extravagantly high." Notes, 84. 



