98 



THE PIMA INDIANS 



[ETH. ANN. 26 



with a steel blade that was straight on one side and rounded on the 

 other." 



Plow. Of comparatively modern introduction, the wooden plow is 

 of but passing interest in our present researches. It is a survival of 

 European culture that effectively influenced tlie Pimas for but one 

 generation, or from 1850 to ISSO, when the influx of Americans cre- 

 ated a demand for wheat which the Pimas were able to supply in part 

 as they could not have done without this implement. By the end of 



Fig. 11. Woodtn jilow. 



that period they received steel plows. The wooden plow was made 

 of mesquite or ironwood with a cottonwood tongue that extended to 

 the ox yoke. The rear end of the tongue was beveled underneath to 

 an edge wliich engaged with a transverse notch in tlie hanille. The 

 bottom dragged at a considerable angle, so that the point alone came 

 in contact with tlie soil. The cutting face was usually supplied with 

 an iron or steel covering resembling the single-shovel cultivator of 

 the Americans. The bottom and single handle were of one piece, the 



Fig. 12. Yoke. 



latter being a branch that set at a convenient angle, about 70 degrees, 

 with the trunk of the tree from which the bottom of the plow was 

 cut (fig. 11).'' The tongue was held in place by a mesquite pin 

 passing through the bottom and a slot iia the butt of the tongue and 

 tightened by two wedges which were adjusted by means of a mes- 

 quite mallet carried for the purpose.' 



o Length, 1.090 m.; length of blade, 0.215 m. to top of socket; width, 0.115 m. 



^ Two specimens were collected; only one other was seen or hoard of on the reservation. The larger 

 one is complete, with tongue. It is 0.900 m. long; handle. 0.850 m.. antl tongue 3.490 m. 

 c A mallet in the collection measures 0.380 m. in length and 5 cm. in diameter. 



