RUSSELL] 



ARTIFACTS 



105 



slitrhtly flattened, but otherwise bearing no signs of ])reparation 



for the symbols tliat occupy tlie greater part of one side." The 



Gihi Crossing calenihir (fig. 20, h) is a pine stick on whicli tlie rec- 



onl was copied several years ago from a stick yet in the same 



viHage. The record liegins on the back, 



passes over the lower end in the figure, 



and extends again to the back over th(> 



upper end.* The Blackwater stick (fig. 



20, c) is of saguaro wood smoothed and 



carved for the writer ])y the keeper of the 



record, who lost the original some years 



ago and who has since been using paper 



and pencil, but the same symbols." 

 Spurs. Wooden spurs were made from 



crotched limbs of mesquite of suitable 



size. They were attached to the foot 



by a deerskin thong fastened to form 



two loops of equal size, one passing 



over the instep and the other under the 



heel of the foot. So rare have they now 



become that the writer spent six months 



on the Gihi River reservation without 



discovering 

 a n y, a n il 

 t here fore 

 hired an 

 old man to 

 make a pair 

 for the col- 

 lection. 

 Soon after- 



Avards a single old Spur was found, which 

 iliffers from those made to order only in 

 having deerskin instead of maguey fiber 

 fastenings (fig. 21).'' 



SmhlJe. Wooden saddletrees are some- 

 times made, both for riding and pack 

 saddles. The former are covered with 

 rawhide, slu-unk on, and provided with 

 stirrups of mesquite or wallow wood. 



They are not common and are at best but crude imitations of the 



saddles made by the whites. Saddle blankets for use with them 



are of matted grass or maguey fiber. 



Fig. 20. Calendar stick.s. a, From 

 Casa Blanca; 6, from Gila Crossing; 

 c, from Blackwater. 



1. Woodt'H spur. 



« Length, 93 cm.; diameter, 10 mm. 

 6 Length, 90 cm.; diameter. 18 mm. 



c Length, 1.395 m.; diameter. 20 mm. 



i Length, 0.152 m.; spread across fork, 9 cm. 



