RUSSELL] ARTIFACTS 155 



Lieutenant Eniorv estimated tlie -size of the ki at from 25 to SO 

 feet in diameter," wliirli is nuidi too high. From 10 to 25 feet 

 would have heen nuuli nearer the true diameter. Tlie average 

 dimensions are as foHows: 



MPltTS 



riri'Uiufcrcnre 18. 59 



Inti'rior diameter 5. 48 



Interior height 1- "2 



Distance between main .«iipporling posts 2. 28-2. 43 



Distance between posts and walls 91-1. 60 



Diameter of rafters .08 



Distance between rafters .30 



Distance between horizontal ribs '. .30 



Distance between arched willow rilis .20 



Height of door .81 



Width of door . (>1 



The absence of a smoke hole is noteworthy, as it is almost univer- 

 sally present in primitive dwellin^rs. Its absence can not be explained 

 by the fact that the mildness of the climate permits the Pimas to 

 spend most of their time in the open air and build their fires out- 

 side, because in winter fires are maintained within to such an extent 

 that the roofs become loaded with masses of soot. It would seem 

 probable that the roofs were not provided with openings in order 

 that the hou.ses might be as little open to the attack of the Ai)a(hes 

 as possible were it not for the fact that the Cocopas and others 

 living southwest of the Pimas build huts similarh' devoid of smoke 

 vents, which suggests that the Pimas have come from that (juarter 

 where the torrid heat renders indoor fires unnecessary' at any season. 

 The doorways were low and narrow for the same reason (60 l)y 90 cm. 

 in size). They were clo.sed by pieces of old blankets (pi. xxxv, h), 

 by slats woven together with rawhide, or by loose sticks of wood 

 (pi. xxxv, e,f). 



In each village a low rectangular council house afforded a meeting 

 place for the men and at times the women also of the conumuiit}-. 

 Rev. C. H. Cook informs the writer that he has addressed an audi- 

 ence of as man}- as 80 persons in one of these houses, all bending low 

 to avoid the smoke. The last coiutcil house was destroyed at 

 Pe-eptcilt in January, lit()2. 



Another form of dwelling ])lace was the woman's menstrual lodge, 

 which was a mere shelter of branches to afford protection from 

 the sun. 



The fourth type of dwelling is the arbor, or, as some of the early 

 writers termed it, "the bower." It is a cotttmwood framework sup- 

 ported by crotched posts, roofed with arrowwood and earth, afford- 

 ing a shade from the sun, from which protection is desirable during 



" Notes, p. 85. 



