ensSELL] ARTIFACTS 157 



in time accumulates in a drift of sufficient heio;ht to require a change 

 of location. Not all families have such a kitchen, and there is reason 

 to believe that it has been adopted from neighboring tribes in recent 

 years. 



CLOTHING 



The description of Pima clothing need not be long. Throughout 

 fidly three-fourths of the year clothing for protection is quite unnec- 

 essary in that region, and that worn in winter was of the simplest 

 character. The history of Pima clothing maj' be divided into four 

 periods, namely: The first, in which natural products, little modified, 

 were employed; the second, in which native textiles were introduced; 

 the third, in which more or less remote imitations of Mexican cos- 

 tumes were in vogue; and the present period, when verj^ plain and 

 serviceable clothing is purchased from the whites. 



Materials and Types 



In primitive times the men wore l)reech-cloths (pi. xxxvii, a, h) 

 and the women kilts that fell to the knee, both made of the soft and 

 flexible inner bark of the willow, which is used by some among the 

 Colorado River tribes to the present day. During the brief season 

 when the temperature approached the freezing point at night the 

 men wore deerskin shirts, and when abroad upon stony trails 

 encased their feet in red-dyed moccasins, also of deerskin. For pro- 

 tection at home both sexes wore rawhide sandals, which appear to 

 Caucasian eyes all too scant protection for the feet where nature arms 

 most species, animate or inanimate alike, with tooth and claw." 



After the adoption of the art of weaving, the cotton blanket was 

 worn in winter, and in summer also by the women, who girded it, 

 doubled, around their waists with maguey cords, neatly woven belts, 

 or merely tucked one edge witliin the other. When the winds from 

 the sacred caves blew cold upon their shoulders they were sliiclded 

 by the outer fold of blanket, wliicli was drawn up around the neck; 

 at least by all save the widow, who dared not raise the blanket above 

 the armpits during the jM-riod of mourning. Plate xxxvi illustrates 

 the mode of wearing this garment. As the blanket hung to the knees 

 it might be converted by tlio men into baggj' trou.scrs bj' looping a 

 cord from the girdle behind down ])etween the legs and drawing it 

 up in front. Some there were too poor or too strongly beset by the 

 passion for gambling long to retain the single fabric that served for 

 clothing by day and bedding by night, and they were compelled to 

 resort to the bark garments of the ancients. Another material avail- 



a .\s an example of this tendency of desert plants to clothe themselves with armor, mention may be 

 appropriately made of the crncillxion thorn, Holocantha emoryi, as it grows abundantly nptm the 

 mesas betwe<'n the Gila \^lages and the Salt River Pima settlement, 30 miles northward. It becomes 

 a small leafless tree that is a tangle of thorny spikes, each a hand's breadth in length (pi. xxi, <). 



