BUSSELL] PEBSONAL DECORATION 161 



face alone was painted, but during festivals and on other special 

 occasions the entire body was painted. On dress occasions the lines 

 on the face were made much narrower, ami instead of being applied 

 with the hands the color was laid on with a splinter or twig of arrow- 

 wood 2 mm. wide by SO mm. long. Both men and women painted 

 their bodies and both used the same colors on their faces, but in dif- 

 ferent proportions. The men used more black and were especially 

 careful to intensify the tattoo marks. The women also emphasized 

 the tattooing, ami there were black lines, therefore, under the eyes of 

 both sexes, showing that the permanent embellishment was regarded 

 as especially significant. 



The designs were simple vertical and transverse lines, as shown in 

 plate XXXVIII, d. The paint was not often washed off, but addi- 

 tional lines were added as the design became effaced. Each person 

 painted his own face and usetl an olla of water as a mirror. The men 

 painted the hair of the frontal region either wliite or red in preparing 

 for a dance, and never both colors at the same time. The women 

 painted their hair in spots and bantls of white. 



Besides the yellow ocher obtained from the Skasowallk hills (pi. 

 XVI, a), the 3^ellow pollen of the cat-tail, Typha angustifoliaLinn., was 

 used. Red was obtained from the Mohaves, and in recent years from 

 the Yumas. From the latter also was bartered the bluish black 

 specular iron ore that glistened on the warrior's cheeks. Red and white 

 were brought h\ the Papagos from out of the vast desert to the south- 

 ward, the mineral resources of which are yet scarcelj^ kno\\'n to the 

 invading race. Lastly, diamond dyes were used to some extent, but 

 their day was short, for now no Pima paints at all. Indeed, it was 

 with difficulty that two persons could be hired to paint their faces 

 that the writer might photograph them. 



If in the pristine periotl of Pimerian history the lines upon the rich 

 brown skins were meant to synabolize the thought or fancy of the 

 artists, no knowledge of the fact has survived the vicissitudes of war 

 and strife tlirough the centuries. To-day thej^ are meaningless and 

 to-morrow will have been forgotten. 



TATTOOING 



A few lines were tattooed on the faces of both men and women. 

 Thorns and charcoal were used in the operation. The thorns were 

 from the outer borders of the prickly-pear cactus; from two to four 

 were tied together with loosely twisted native cotton fiber to 

 enlarge the lower portion to a convenient size for grasping, wliile the 

 upper end was neatly bound with sinew. The charcoal, from either 

 willow or mes(|uite wood, was pulverized and kept in balls 2 or 3 cm. 

 in diameter (fig. 78). 

 26 ETu— 08 13 



