186 THE PIMA INDIANS [eth. ann. 2G 



in labor, in wliich case, if the child lived, it was taken in charge by 

 the niiiternal grandmother. 



Babies were nursed until the next child was born. Sometimes a 

 mother nursed a child until it was 6 or 7 years old and if she became 

 pregnant in the meantime she inchiced abortion by ]:)ressure upon 

 the abdomen. The unborn was sacriiiced because it was believed 

 to be prejudicial to the welfare of the nursing child, which the 

 mother loved the more "because she could see it." Illegitimate 

 children were aborted at three or four months. One case of abor- 

 tion at seven months was reported, but it was done with the aid of 

 the medicine-man. These operations were usually successful, but in 

 a small percentiige of cases they caused the death of the woman. 



No attempt was made by any of the Pimas to explain the cause of 

 sterility. 



The tribe has been large enough to prevent ill effects from close 

 inbreeding, and there has been a constant addition of foreign blood. 

 Sala Hina (fig. 51), who is perhaps 65 or 70 years old, recalled the 

 names of three Apache women who had been married by Pimas. One 

 of these had "many children." She had also known two Maricopa 

 men married to Pima women and two Pimas married to Maricopa 

 women. How lasting these unions had been she was luiable to say. 

 There is a Hare-eater from Sonora and a Yaqui who have married 

 Pima women at one of the upper villages. Intermarriage with the 

 desert-dwelling Kwahadk's has been fairly common. The father of 

 Sala Hina was a Kwahadk' and prominent in Piman history as the 

 man who brought the first cattle to the tribe. The few Kwahadk' 

 women among the villages make the peculiar potteiy that is char- 

 acteristic of their tribe, and which should not be confounded with 

 that of the Pimas. Detecting a slight dialectic difference in the 

 speech of one of the temporary interpreters the author learned upon 

 inquiry that his mother had been a Kwahadk. Another interpreter 

 said that his people called him "mLxed," which is not surprising, as 

 in his veins flowed the blood of Pimas, Maricopas, Papagos, and 

 Apaches, peoples of three distinct linguistic stocks. The greatest 

 influx of foreign blood has been from the related Papago tribe whose 

 caravans annually made their appearance at the harvest season. 

 Some Papago families have alwaj's lived with the Pimas, at one 

 time forming an outpost on the north by maintaining a village on 

 the Salt river. 



In the past there was also some intermari'iage with the So})aipuris, 

 and there is both traditional and historical evidence of the final 

 amalgamation of the remnants of that tribe with the Pimas. Some 

 were captured by the Apaches, as shown by Bourke in his researches 

 upon the clans of that tribe. "The Apaches have also among them 



