iiissELL] SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 1 *,»',) 



Theft hi'caino a common crime witli tlie increasing vagabondage 

 arising from deprivatit)n due to the whites. An extensive system of 

 horse and cattle steahng grew up, wiiereby the Pa]>agos stol(> in 

 Soiiora and sold to tlie Pimas, and the latter stole from one anoth(>r 

 and solil to the Papagos, who bought or stole to sell again in Mexico. 



During the worst period of their demoralization they stole wheat 

 from each other and sold it to l)uy whisky. It is to be reniendx'red 

 that by far the greater j)art of the tril)e disapproved of such deeds, 

 and the few that engaged in such enterprises hatl not the sup])ort of 

 public opinion, which even in an Indian village is an autocratic power. 



Thus intoxication was always regarded as reprehensible, though a 

 distinction was made between the persons guilty of drinking the 

 white man's whisky and those who followed the inunemorial custom 

 of getting drunk on native-brewed liquors during tlie saguaro harvest. 



Laziness was condemned, and boys and girls were taught to spin 

 and delve — how w-ell may be judged from the fact that the tribe pro- 

 duced a large surplus crop year after year during the early period of 

 American occupancy of the region and at the same time fought back 

 the Apaches antl aided the soldiers materially, while the Americans 

 anti Mexicans with all their soldiers and outside resources were 

 driven into the shelter of the forts. 



Cleanliness is learned by imitation. The floors of the hou.ses are 

 kept free of such objects as can he picked up with the hands and 

 the yards are swept with bundles of arrow bushes or mescjuite 

 branches. Bathing was a daily practice. 



Public opinion strongly condemned l.ying. Stinginess coidd not be 

 more abhorred. The chiefs, especially, were expected to liestow 

 hberally all gifts within their control. The present chief has had a 

 canny sense of thrift and possesses a large bank account, which ren- 

 ders liim much less popular than he might otherwise be. 



FORMUI.A.S OK POLITENESS 



No conventional words of greeting were in use before the intro- 

 duction of the Spanish and American forms. Tciars tarn wu'sahain, 

 "the god sends his regards," were the closing words of any speech. 

 Ha'iku-ult, "good-bye," was the usual response of the listeners. 

 Sometimes in finishing astory thenarratorexclaimed atoa'ttlk, "anus," 

 at wliich those present said the word expressing the degree of their 

 relationsliip to the speaker, or if they were not related they said 

 na'wotc," friend." The same expressions are used in accepting a gift. 



Hand shaking was unknown until introduced b}' the whites, though 

 it is now universally practised." It is said that the custom of kissing 



a ".Vntonio and his son hail tipped fingnrs and gnmted in token of joy." wrote J. R. Browne, in 

 describing the meeting of the chief and his son after a long separation. Adventures in the Apache 

 Country, 84. 



