2(H) THE PIMA INDIANS [eth. ajjn. 26 



was confined to mothers and infants. Accurate information of the 

 primitive custom can not now be obtained. Formerly, when long- 

 separated fi'iends met they expressed their joy in tears. The terms 

 expressing their degrees of relationship or simply "friend" were 

 sometimes used. 



Guests were offered pinole upon arrival if it were not near meal- 

 time. Pinole was easily prepared without cooking and staved hun- 

 ger. At meals guests were helped to fotxi in a dish apart from the 

 common bowl out of which the family ate. 



Intertrib.\l Relations 



alliances 



The relations of the Pimas to their neighbors had a profound in- 

 fluence upon their social organization and general cultural develop- 

 ment. They held possession of the best agricultural lands in their 

 section of the Southwest, and were compelled to fight for the privilege. 

 Their alliance with the Maricopas entailed a long and sanguinary 

 struggle with the Yumas, wliich resulted in what Bancroft has termed 

 "the almost total annihilation" of the latter tribe. From the Mari- 

 copas they received, however, efficient aid against their principal 

 enemy, the Apaches. Thus the Pimas learned the advantages of con- 

 federation, and there is reason to believe that their culture, based 

 on a tlirifty system of agriculture, in time might have surpassed 

 that of the Hohokam. The Yavapais were sometimes hostile, but do 

 not appear to have been very formidable opponents." In the Annals 

 there are references to a few tribes of minor importance that it is 

 almost impossible to identify from their Pima names, but they were 

 always allied with either the Yumas or the Apaches. Aside from 

 the Maricopas, the tribes friendly to the Pimas were their congeners, 

 the Papagos and Kwahadk's and the ,Sol)aipuris of the Santa Cruz 

 and San Pedro valleys. 



WARFARE 



ItAIDS 



A better understanding of the division of labor prevailing among 

 these people may be had by studying the conditions imposed upon 

 them by the presence of the aggressive Apaches. The men may be 

 forgiven for allowing the women to perform certain tasks in the 

 cultivation of the crops that are usually considered the portion of the 

 stronger sex when it is learned that this plan was necessary in order 

 to maintain pickets constantly for long periods, and that an armed 

 guard was the sole guaranty of safety to the villages. Every three 



o Garcfis relates in his Diary that the "Yabipais Tpjua." |Yavapai.s] have "in some way remained 

 enemies of the Pimas and Cocomaricopas GUenos." Cones', On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer, u. 449. 



