BUSSELL] INTERTRIBAL RELATIONS 201 



or four days small parties of five or ten would come to steal live 

 stock or to kill any individual tliat might have gone some little dis- 

 tance from the villages. Larger war parties came once or twice a 

 month, though longer periods sometimes elapsed without a visit 

 from tlie Ajnvches. Chief Antonio declares that tlie Apaches formerly 

 lived farther away from the Pimas, and hence their raids were less 

 frequent than they were during the middle portion of the last century. 

 At all events tlie activity of tlie enemy became sufficient to cause the 

 al)andoiiment of the outlying villages east of the present agency of 

 Sacaton and the concentration of the tribe into seven villages upon 

 the Gila plain. On stormy winter nights, when the noise of the ele- 

 ments might afford cover for the approach of the enemy, sentinels 

 were posted about the camps. These men were accustomed to build 

 little shelters of brush and leave smoldering fires in tlieni, then con- 

 ceal themselves in the darkness near by and watch for marauders that 

 might attempt to steal toward the light . In this way the main trails 

 were guarded, and the coyote-like curs at the houses afforded addi- 

 tional securitj^ from surprise. They supposed that the Apaches 

 always guarded their own camps. 



When a chief "felt in his heart" that he would like to avenge his 

 people for some particularly flagrant outrage, or that he desired the 

 honors thai reward the successful warrior, he went from settlement 

 to settlement making an appeal for followers by repeating conven- 

 tional speeches of magic character. The arrangements for the cam- 

 paign were speedily made. The preparation of the roasted meal for 

 pinole required much le.ss time than the ceremonies necessary to 

 secure the requisite amount of magic power to insure victory. The 

 extra supplies of food were carried, before the introduction of the 

 horse, by one or more women. These women were chosen from those 

 who had recentlj- lost kinsmen in battle and they were invarial)ly 

 accompanied by a male relative. At night the party was surrounded 

 by pickets, who came in to report at intervals. During the evening 

 a set speech was repeated liy a man whose office it was to keep appro- 

 priate speeches in memory. These were arranged in order, as "first 

 night," "second nigiit," etc., and were "adapted" for the occasion, 

 though based upon the supposed speeches of the gods at the time of 

 the creation. The valor of the party was roused by the recital of deeds 

 performed, but tiie primary oliject was to compel the attention of 

 supernatural beings and secure magic power that would not only 

 enable them to overcome but would also attack the magic power of 

 the enemy. Then, of course, if the magic power of the enemy were 

 defeated, the Pimas could easily overpower the Apaches." After the 

 speech the warriors sang the magic war songs, a'-atan nyui, while the 



a "The Pima^, though not an aggressive, are a brave and warlike raoe. They am the dread of the 

 Apache, who always avoids them." Sylvester Mowry in S. Ex. Doc. 11, pt. 1, 587, 3Jth Cong., 1st 

 Bess.. 18.58. 



