408 THE TLINGIT INDIANS [eth. ann. 26 



bility again presents itself when we come to consider the origins of the 

 separate clan divisions. Although the list just given contains names 

 of about twenty-live clans belonging to each phratry T)esides one which 

 falls outside of both, many are nothing more than subdivisions, and 

 only fourteen are found to stand out at all prominently. On the 

 Raven side these are the GanAXA'di, KiksA'di, Qfi'tcAdi, Kfisqlague'di, 

 Llene'di, Koskle'di, LiuklnaxA'di, Luqa'xAdi, and Ka'ckle qoan; on 

 the Wolf side the Te'qoedi, DAqiJawe'di, Kanyaa'yi, TcukAne'di, and 

 Kri'gwAntan. The TcukAne'di were considered low caste, but apjjear 

 from the stories to have formed a rather ancient group. 



It is interesting to find that all the clans of the southernmost towns, 

 Tongas and Sanj^a, always excepting the NexA'di, belong to this list, 

 they being the GanAXA'di (or GanAxte'di), Te'qoedi, DAq^lawe'di, and 

 KiksA'di. Traditions regarding the origin of the two clans first men- 

 tioned point unanimously to Prince of Wales island and Kuiu, and, 

 if we are to trust them still further, the GanAXA'di were the first 

 people to settle at Tongas, whither they had come f rom TA'qdjik-an on 

 the northwest coast of Prince of Wales island, then the principal 

 Henya village. According to another story the Tongas people came to 

 Kuiu from the south, and afterwards started back to the present site 

 of Tongas, which they had pi-eviously noticed. During this last mi- 

 gration they camped for a time on an island called TAnga'c, and later 

 gave its name to their village. This tradition probably refers to the 

 GanAXA'di, for the Kuiu and Henya people arc veiy closely i-elated. 

 The GanAXA'di themselves derived their name from another island, 

 Ga'nAx. The family history of these people is certainly' closelj' asso- 

 ciated with the town of TA'qdjik-an for it was there that a GanAXA'di 

 woman nursed a woodworm, thus giving her people the Avoodworm 

 emblem, and, as above noted, the Tak"ane'di (Winter people) are the 

 Klawak branch of that clan. Another body of GfuiAXA'di moved to 

 Chilkat, where they are also of high rank, and still others are among 

 the Taku and at Yakutat. 



The Te'qoedi received their name from an island called Teq°, said 

 to lie near the northern end of Prince of Wales island, and thus near 

 the traditional home of the GiinAXA'di. According to Haida accounts 

 they were their chief opponents at the time when that tribe invaded 

 Alaska and they subsequently tied to the mainluiid. That the territory 

 in Alaska now occupied by the Kaigani Haida was formerlj' Tlingit 

 is a well-known fact, and is attested by all of the names of their 

 towns. Thus Sukkwan is from Tlingit suq(i"rin ("grassy town"), 

 and Kasaan or Ka'si-iiu is said to mean " pretty town," l)ecause when 

 the people came there they said, "This is the only spot that looks 

 good." At Klinkwan the writer was told that the name of that town in 

 Tlingit signifies "shell-fish village" or perhaps rather "town-where- 

 people-get-things-at-low-tide." Katishan, however, aflirmed that it 



