swANToxl SOCIAL CUSTOMS 423 



As stated above, some personal names wei'e derived from coppers. 

 Some also commemorated certain events, such, for instance, as 

 DjtnAla'tivl (roliiny waves), given to a certain girl by her mother in 

 commemoration of the place where the child's sister had been drowned, 

 while still others were from the names of creeks and totem poles, and 

 many people ac(iuired nicknames not referring- to any emblem. In 

 the case of the girl just spoken of the name may have been adopted to 

 avenge the wrong upon the place, as such things wei"c certainly done by 

 the Haida. At a feast a man would give his own clan names to his 

 son's children, l)ut the right to them seems usually to have been con- 

 lined to the individuals so honored, unless, of course, the}' belonged to 

 the same clan as the tirst owner. Sometimes, however, a new name 

 might be coined and applied during a potlatch — one, for instance, refer- 

 ring to the noise made by putting on the main timbers of a house — and 

 in that case the grandchild's clan coidd keep it. 



SOCIAL CUSTOMS 



The exogamic nature of the two great phratries and the exception 

 in favor of one small group have already been explained. It would be 

 interesting in this connection to have detailed information regarding 

 the laws governing intermarriage with other people, but only afew facts 

 were gathered. l"he possession of an emblem in common seems to have 

 determined phratry relationships in cases where it occurred, but other- 

 wise it was settled b^- the general phratrj- designation. A Haida carver 

 living at Sitka, who is usually called " Haida Charlie," belongs to the 

 LimA'l naas xada'i, of Howkan, who are part of the SaU'ndas, an Eagle 

 famil}-. His Tlingit wife is a Kaven. The interpreter stated tliat it 

 was more usual for men from the south to marrv northern women 

 than the reverse. There was a Haida woman married among the Box 

 house people, however, and she called herself a QiAtlkaa'yi, because 

 some time before other Haida had married in such a wa}' with this clan 

 as to place them on her own side. At Wrangell, on the other hand, 

 we tiud the Raven Kasqiague'di and Talqoe'di considered as parts of 

 Edensaw's family at Masset, which is Eagle. Transposition of phratries 

 is indicated also by crests and names, for the killer whale, grizzly 

 bear, wolf, and halibut are on the Wolf side among the Tlingit and on 

 the Raven side among the Haida, while the raven, frog, hawk, and 

 l)lack whale are on the Raven side among the Tlingit and the Eagle 

 side among the Haida. No data were obtained regarding intermar- 

 riages with the Tsimshian, and the only facts ascertained relative to the 

 Atliapascans are that those bands that were adopted among the Tlingit 

 seem to have been taken in as Ravens. Some Tlingit married women 

 from the Flatheads (i. e., Kwakiutl, called in Tlingit TIawiya'tqIa). 



I'hratral exogamv is so connnon a phenomenon that we slioidd 

 hardly take the trouble to inquire among the Indians themselves for 



