while timber is found along the slopes the entire length 
of Cold Creek and Wind Cave canyons. In the creek 
and canyon bottoms are elm, oak and cottonwood trees, 
a few aspens, and a thick growth of underbrush. 
THe OPEN COUNTRY 
Embraces all unshaded areas. About two-thirds of the 
Reserve is open country (Photo No. 3). Throughout the 
timbered regions there are innumerable parks (Photo 
No. 4). 
Most of this open country consists of plateaus, 
low hillocks and gently rising slopes, which rise from 
dry ereek beds and gullies in which there is more or less 
water for a short time after rainfalls. 
Hiuis, ALTITUDE, CANYONS, ETC. 
Throughout the timbered. region to the west, 
beginning at the southeast corner (altitude 4,100 feet), 
the country is a mass of small rolling hills becoming 
higher and rougher to the north. Near the northeast 
corner the highest point is reached (4,800 feet), and some 
of the hills rise 300 feet above the adjoining plains. 
This entire region is cut up by creeks and gullies, which 
at this time were dry. 
In the eastern wooded portion are several timbered 
ridges, 150 feet above the plains, and a number of bald 
hills and ridges. 
Here also Wind Cave Canyon cuts through the 
plateau, through a ravine a mile in length and from 50 
to 200 feet deep, leaving the Reserve through a canyon 
950 feet deep. The altitude in the canyon bottom is 
3,800 feet, the lowest point in the Reserve. 
In the creek bottom where Cold Creek leaves the 
Reserve, the altitude is 3,900 feet, and here also are 
cliffs 200 feet high, which extend north and northwest 
about a mile and a half. 
On the north, Beaver Creek leaves the Reserve in 
a similar manner; altitude, 3,900 feet. 
The beds of all three of these, the principal streams 
on the Reserve, vary from 100 feet to a quarter of a 
mile in width. 
13 
