JOURNAL, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 139 



associated," Tie iiivesti,i»atod tliis suliject and came to tlie 

 conclusion thai tlio (\)]U'in])ola never attack a perfectly green 

 and Iiealtliy plant. Of tlie species Smyntliurus arvalis, Fitcli 

 says, ''It is common to see them in the i»arden, upon the leaves, 

 ))articnlarly of tlic pic i-liubarb, where these leaves are per- 

 forated with holes by the fiea beetles." (ruthrie states that he 

 had never met with aiiv gardeners of the State of Minnesota 

 who had noticed any dairnige from these insects and he himself 

 had ever seen them feeding u])on green })lants. Guthrie also 

 states that he learned from Prof. H. E. Sunnners, State 

 EntoiPoloLMst of Iowa, that a certain species of Achonites kept 

 the soil so stirred \\\) that the young plants couldn't take root 

 and many of them died. Collinge mentions a similar case that 

 came under his notice in which a lied of sweet peas was 

 destroyed. 



During the last few years the men who have worked the most 

 on this subject were Carpenter, Evans, Theobald and Collinge of 

 England and Scotland. Carpenter has recorded Ackorutes 

 louf/ispitius Tulllx and Lipura (iDihulaus Linn, as causing injury 

 to beau seeds. Theobald speaks of certain Collembola attack- 

 ing orchids and others damaeing hops. Also he records a 

 species of Isotoma whicli tormented fowls. Marlatt describes 

 a species of Lepidocyrtns which infested the houses in Wash- 

 ington, D. C. Collinge lias carried on some very careful obser- 

 vations which have established without a doubt that Collembola 

 are distinctlv injurious to orchids, beans, peas and numerous 

 bulbs of which the hvacinth, narcissus and tulip sutTered tlie 

 worst. In speaking of the nature of the injury he says, "It 

 is praeticallv the same in all cases, and consists in scraping 

 away the epidermis and then the softer tissue until a distinct 

 hole or depression is formed. After this stage, decom^position 

 of the ))lant tissues rapidlv takes ]ilace. due to the inroads of 

 fungi and the bulb is ]iracticallv ruined." 



Collinge also records an instance where the Collembola have 

 damaged ]iine trees. The opening buds of some shoots of 

 Piinifi si/Jrrsfris were found to be falling off and the young 

 reedles had a dry, withered appearance and many of them fell 



