26 THE SAFETY OF PASSENGER SHIPS AT SEA. 



Length between perpendiculars 800 feet 



Beam, molded 90 feet 



Draught, loaded 33 feet 



With a coefficient of .64 these dimensions would give a load displacement of 

 42,130 tons. There would be a complete double bottom, the inner shell being 4 

 feet from the outer skin, extending from the fore peak to the after peak and up 

 the sides to the lower deck, which would be 15 feet above the base line. The main 

 deck would be 9 feet above the lower deck and the upper deck 9 feet above the 

 main deck amidships and would extend parallel to the base line from frame 87 to 

 frame 233. From frame 87 to the stem, this deck would slope down, touching the 

 stem at a height of 26 feet above base, and from frame 233 it would slope down- 

 wards aft, touching the stern frame at a height of 27 feet. There would be 12 bulk- 

 heads extending from the inner bottom to the upper deck. These would be abso- 

 lutely watertight, without doors or openings whatever, and would be spaced as fol- 

 lows, the frame spacing being 30 inches: No. i, fore peak, frame 24; No. 2, frame 

 45; No. 3, frame 66; No. 4, frame 87; No. 5, frame 116; No. 6, frame 145; No. 7, 

 frame 174; No. 8, frame 203; No. 9, frame 233; No. 10, frame 254; No. 11, frame 

 275; No. 12, the after peak bulkhead, the double bottom space being divided in the 

 same manner. As the horse-power of such a vessel would not be less than 45,000, 

 the boiler compartments and coal bunkers would, to a large extent, control the 

 subdivision, and it will be noticed that I have provided four main boiler compart- 

 ments, each 72 feet 6 inches in length. Each compartment is intended to take four 

 double-ended Scotch boilers abreast, these to be 17 feet in diameter and with 8 fur- 

 naces each, giving 128 furnaces in all, or 2,800 feet of grate surface to develop 16 

 horse-power per foot, which would be easy with forced combustion. It will be no- 

 ticed that the boiler compartments have a bulkhead at each end 16 feet from the 

 main bulkhead. These bulkheads extend to the inner bottom and skin of the ship 

 and are built strong enough to support the wall of coal between them and the main 

 bulkhead. These would each have 4 coal bunker doors, one opposite each boiler. 

 Each bunker holds 750 tons and as there are 8 of them the coaling capacity would 

 be 6,000 tons, all of which runs out directly in front of the boiler it is to serve. 

 These bunkers would be filled from either side through side doors 3 feet 6 inches 

 square with triangular side pieces forming hoppers when open, thus insuring quick 

 coaling. The amount of coal provided is sufficient for eight days' steaming at 

 45,000 horse-power. 



I think it will be admitted that this ship could be considered safe from any in- 

 jury to the bottom below the lower deck and that danger of sinking would arise 

 from rupture of the skin above the lower deck and under the water line which is 

 at the upper deck line. Such danger would arise from collision with another ship 

 at such an angle as would cause penetration or through striking some stationary 

 mass between the lower and upper decks, opening up several compartments to the 

 sea as in the case of the Titanic. 



