28 THE SAFETY OF PASSENGER SHIPS AT SEA. 



then draw 43.86 feet. This assumption is to the very limit of the possibilities, yet, 

 for an unsinkable ship, it should be provided against in the design. Between the 

 upper member of the upper deck and the shelter deck there should be no air pores 

 or side lights, or if lights are fitted they should not be arranged to open and the glass 

 should be cast around a wire mesh as a protection against cracking. 



The objection that would naturally present itself to this type of vessel is the ap- 

 parent waste of space between the upper decks. This space, however, need not be 

 wasted. Forward of frame 66 this space is 7 feet 6 inches high, increasing to 12 

 feet at the stem, and could be utilized to receive stores of all kinds, the compart- 

 ments being only open at certain hours for issuing the day's supplies. The space 

 from frame 254 aft, starting at 7 feet 6 inches and increasing to about 12 feet in 

 height, could be divided into cold storage compartments for all the different kinds of 

 provisions. The space amidships, 5 feet 6 inches high, would form the sub-basement 

 for the hotel part of the ship above. All ventilating ducts, salt and fresh water 

 mains and drainage pipes would be arranged in this space so that only vertical pip- 

 ing' would be carried to the rooms. This grouping of all piping and ducts which run 

 horizontally would save much trouble both in the design and working qualities of 

 these systems. This I consider a very important feature in such a design. One of 

 the hardest problems the designer has to face is dealing with pipes and ducts through 

 living quarters and it is always the horizontal pipes that give trouble. By having 

 the mains of these systems between the upper decks where they are accessible at all 

 times without the passenger knowing anything about them, a continued source of 

 dreaded trouble is removed, and, furthermore, this would not interfere with the 

 proper subdivision of the space. 



Referring to the cross-section through one of the boiler compartments, it will 

 be observed that I have provided a longitudinal passage under the upper deck. This 

 passage would be extended through each compartment, from which it would be en- 

 tered through an air lock, and it would extend from frame 87 to frame 233. In 

 each boiler compartment on each side would be the living quarters for all the men 

 engaged in that compartment. These quarters would be artificially lighted and ven- 

 tilated. The air would be taken from ducts between the upper decks on the inboard 

 side, discharge at the floor line and would pass up through ventilating pipes on the 

 outboard side. It might be objected that these quarters would be hot in spite of 

 good ventilation. In this connection I consider it quite unnecessary to have much 

 heat in the boiler rooms. The boilers in such a ship would be worked under forced 

 combustion, and in that case the fans for forced draft could draw the air from the 

 outer casing round the smoke stack and uptakes and discharge it into a casing out- 

 side the boiler lagging so arranged that the air would circulate round the boilers on 

 its way to the tubular heaters in the uptakes. Thus any heat radiating through 

 the lagging on the boilers would be taken up by the air for combustion, leaving the 

 fire rooms comfortably cool, and with cold air freely circulated through the living 

 quarters they should be quite comfortable. 



