112 THE EVOLUTION OF THE LIGHTSHIP. 



exces.s buoyancy is thereby avoided. Fore and aft the lines are full, and experi- 

 ence seems to warrant the practice, although the argument might be offered that 

 a vessel with finer ends would lift less quickly on a passing wave. The feeling 

 among seamen, however, appears to be against a vessel which might be frequently 

 awash in heavy weather. Further details of the form characteristics are shown on 

 Plate 55 by the curves of displacements, centers of bitoyancy, coefficients, metacen- 

 ters, centers of gravity with varying conditions of load, etc., etc. 



The vessel is constructed of steel with the conventional structural elements, 

 shown in Plate 56, of the midship section. The scantling throughout is much heavier 

 than that required by any classification society for a vessel of the size, in order that 

 the greatest practicable strength be obtained, as well as sufficient material to bear 

 the heavy corrosion brought upon a vessel liable to extended periods of continuous 

 duty in exposed waters. 



The arrangement of the hull, as shown in Plates 57 and 58 of the inboard pro- 

 file and decks, is that of a continuous upper-deck vessel, subdivided below the main 

 deck by watertight bulkheads into six general divisions. The first of these is also 

 subdivided horizontally to form a trimming tank and store for paints, oils, and ar- 

 ticles of a similar nature ; the second compartment contains the chain locker, fresh 

 water tanks in the hold, and general store rooms on the lower deck; aft of this 

 compartment, and extending entirely across the vessel and to the main deck, is the 

 coal bunker, which opens into the fire room through watertight vertical sliding 

 doors. Another complete bulkhead separates the boiler room from the engine 

 room, aft of which the vessel is further subdivided on the line of the lower deck 

 to give an after trimming tank and lower-deck storage rooms. 



The entire forward section of the main deck is given to the anchor-handling 

 gear which is of absolute importance in a vessel of this class. It consists of a 

 manger, into which the main central hawse pipe of the mooring anchor and chain 

 opens, and while plugs are fitted about the chain in the pipe, it has always been 

 found desirable to separate this portion of the deck by a watertight breakwater, and 

 drain the space by large scuppers as shown. Immediately aft of the breakwater are 

 two plate foundations carrying the chain compressors and springs, from which the 

 chains lead directly to a large double steam windlass of standard manufacture. 

 The crew's quarters are separated from the windlass space by a light divisional 

 bulkhead and consist of staterooms for the men, galley, pantry, toilet, bath, and 

 mess room. The gangways abreast the machinery room casing are fitted with 

 work benches, tool lockers, etc. The quarters for the officers, who on a light vessel 

 are usually workers as well as executives, occupy the after portion of the main 

 deck of the vessel. The master and engineer have staterooms of considerable 

 size, each fitted with desk, locker, wash basin, etc., while those of junior officers are 

 nearly as complete. A chart room, pantry, mess room, bath and toilet complete 

 this section of deck. The vessel is heated by steam throughout, and hot and cold 

 running water supplied to the galley, bathrooms, and all officers' staterooms. 



The spar deck forward is protected by a high bulwark which shelters the man 



