158 NOTES ON CHAIN CABLES. 



a ring of circular cross-section. A flash is formed in this rolling process which is 

 cut off by proper trimming dies in the forming machine. The ring is then dropped 

 between linked-shaped dies which are closed upon it, pressing the ring into link- 

 shape and at the same time setting the stud. 



This machine has not been a success commercially for the following reasons : 



( 1 ) The process has not been accepted by Lloyd's, and much of the stud chain 

 furnished in this country is to Lloyd's requirements. 



(2) The machine is expensive in first cost and operation. 



(3) When commercial firms attempt its use they are confronted by a strike of 

 their chainmakers, who immediately tie up their shop by refusing to make repairs 

 to chain, put in joiners, or to produce chain not required to be made on this ma- 

 chine. 



The Government is probably the only agency that can establish this machine 

 and process. The machine in this country is designed to make chain up to 2 inches, 

 and a larger sized machine can be furnished to make chain up to 3>4 inches. The 2- 

 inch machine is not attractive to the Government, because of the small amount 

 of chain of this and smaller sizes now used. 



DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES IN LINKS.* 

 TABLE OF SYMBOLS. 



Q = One-half of load applied to chain. 



Mb^ Bending moment at any chosen section. 



M = Bending moment inside of link at end of minor axis. 



P = Normal force on any section of link. 



S = Intensity of stress at any point of a cross-section. 



^ = Angle between any section and major axis of link. 



'^ = One- half of assumed arc of contact between adjacent links. 



/ = Area of cross-section of link. 



d = Diameter of iron in the link. 



r = General symbol for radius of curvature. 



V = Distance of fiber from the center line. 





-df. 



fj r-\-y 



METHOD OF ANALYSIS. 



The complete analysis may be found in the treatise referred to. The following 

 is merely a brief outline showing the method of attacking the problem. Consider 

 one quadrant of the link shown in Fig. 7, Plate 90. Denoting by 2Q the load on 

 the link, the section at A lying along the minor axis will be subject to a normal 



♦From "Strength of Chain Links," by G. G. Goodenough and L. E. Moore, University of Illinois, 

 Bulletin No. 18, September 2, 1907. 



