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A Memoir on the Anatomy and Life-History of the 
Homopterous Insect Pyrops candelaria (or „Gandle-Ay‘). 
By 
J. C. W. Kershaw (Macao) with notes by G. W. Kirkaldy (Honolulu). 
With Plate 8-10. 
[Although the *Oandle-fly” or “Lantern-fy” of China, India etc. 
(Pyrops candelaria Linx.) has long been, as regards its general 
appearance, one of the best-known of Oriental Insects, its life-history 
has been very little observed, and Mr KersHhaw’s account of its 
metamorphoses is quite new. The anatomy of the Auchenorrhynchous 
Homoptera has also been so fragmentarily investigated, that it is 
scarcely possible to institute fruitful comparisons with other species, 
so that it is better to leave the account here given uncommented 
upon except to note that it is usually considered that the labium 
of Hemiptera is 4-jointed, while Mr. Kerssaw maintains that in 
reality it is 6-jointed. The fact of the food-reservoir also extending 
to the tip of the snout, is also, I believe, novel. G. W. K.] 
Pyrops candelaria !) is very common in Southern China (Pl. 8, Fig. 4), 
1) The genus Pyrops has been also known as Fulgora and Hotinus, 
its true name having been diverted for the use of the species properly 
included in the genus Zanna. The type of Pyrops (1. e. candelaria) must 
be taken from the first section of SPINOLA, candelaria having been selected 
as type in a preliminary abstract in 1839. This I pointed out several 
years ago, and it has been accepted by the principal workers in the 
Fulgoridae. G. W. K. 
Zool. Jahrb. XXIX. Abt £. Syst. 8 
