Anatomy and Life-History of Pyrops candelaria. 107 
of each other’s attentions to the female, which consist in stretching 
out and vibrating the hind leg on the side nearest the female, and 
swaying the body from side to side. This exercise they continue 
all day long and appear to couple only at night, though I have 
twice seen them in cop. early in the morning, but they soon after 
uncoupled. They copulate in the usual way, like Heteroptera. !) 
The females lay several batches of eggs during the summer, the 
last laid by my Candle-flies being in the beginning of July. All 
the adults of the previous year seem to die off about August of the 
year following, and by the end of this month there are adults from 
the first eggs of the season, fresh from the last nymphal moult — 
their snout yellowish brown instead of red, and the chitinous parts 
of the genital organs still soft. 
The trunk or one of the larger boughs of a Longan-tree or 
Mango is selected for laying — if a bough, the unterside thereof. ?) 
Each ootheca contains 50—100 eggs, usually about 80. The egg 
(Pl. 8, Fig. 1) is smooth, of the palest yellow with a minute process at 
one end, and near this an elongate oval, flat patch — tlte lid of the 
egg, which in the natural position on the bark is on the outer side. 
The eggs are laid (Pl. 8, Fig. 3) in straight rows touching each other, 
and thinly covered with colleterial fluid, and finally brushed over with 
white waxy matter. The process of ovipositing is as follows: Taking 
up her position on the bark, the female, with a pulsating motion of 
the vagina, spreads a little colleterial fluid on the bark. The vagina 
is then slightly withdrawn from the bark P1.10, Fig. 24, an egg partly 
excluded, and the protruding end brought back against the fluid on the 
bark, to which it adheres; the vagina is then brought lower down and 
the egg is thus pressed backwards and adheres to the bark along the 
whole of its underside Fig. 25. More colleterial fluid is applied both 
over the whole egg and also on the bark in front, and the next 
egg is stuck end-on to the bark a little (an ege’s length) in front 
1) According to my observations, all Hemiptera copulate in the same 
way, viz. by the male mounting the female. The figures given by DE GEER 
and other older authors and copied by GADEAU DE KERVILLE et al., in 
which the sexes are represented as copulating end-on, sideways etc., merely 
show the situations assumed by them after copulation is finished, 
and before they have separated. G. W. K. 
2) Apparently all the Fulgoroideae, so far as is known, deposit their 
eges externally on tree-trunks, leaves etc., or under bark, except the 
Asiracidae, Tropiduchidae etc. which insert their eggs within the leaves 
and stems.. G. W. K. 
g*+ 
