108 J. C. W. Kersnaw, 
of the first. The backward movement of the vagina then brings 
the underside of the egg on to the bark, when its other end just 
touches that the egg just laid. The process is repeated till a whole 
row is completed, when the insect walks backwards down the bark 
to just below the last egg; she then walks forwards and feels with 
the tip of the labium till she finds the egg. Another row is then 
added, touching the first, and so on. The tarsus of one hind leg 
also touches the side of an egg-row, and thus acts as a guide. The 
colleterial fluid is yellowish-brown, not frothy, and is applied but 
thinly, though it entirely covers the egg-rows, thus forming a com- 
plete ootheca. The wax-rubbers (Pl. 9, Figs. 13 Wr, 24, 25 R) are every 
now and then much distended during oviposition. The bark is 
covered with colleterial fluid, an eeg laid and also covered with 
fluid about every two minutes. The rows of eggs are usually added 
first to one side and then the other of the row first laid; egg-laying 
thus progresses from behind forwards, the insect starting each row 
at the bottom, finishing at the top, and walking back to start a 
new row. ‘When ovipositing is finished, the insect straddles the 
ootheca with its legs and vigorously rubs the wax on the rubbers 
(first those of one side, then of the other, the abdomen rolling like 
a boat in a rough sea), on to the surface of the ootheca, walking 
backwards and forwards meanwhile and testing the surface with 
the tip of the labium. Before the waxy substance is rubbed on, the 
ootheca is light brownish in colour, but soon becomes whitened with 
the wax. The white over brown lends a purplish tint. This wax- 
rubbing process takes at least half-an-hour, and is very thoroughly 
done, though the covering of wax is very thin. An ordinary ootheca 
of 80 eges takes about two hours and forty minutes to finish, ex- 
clusive of waxing; each row (say 20 eggs in a row) about forty 
minutes. The ootheca is made at any time during the day, but 
chiefly in the afternoon. 
The eggs hatch in about 26 days. One end of the lid is forced 
up, and the nymph emerges sideways, dragging out part of the 
amnion of theegg (Fig.22). The nymph is very Satin section and wholly 
dull whitish except the eyes, which are red-brown. Within an hour 
the nymph becomes very dark brown. The young nymphs (Pl. 8, Fig. 2) 
sit very upright, the tip of the abdomen almost touching the bark, the 
snout upin the air. They can run fast soon after hatching, especially 
sideways, and they already have considerable jumping powers. They 
have no trace of white waxy secretion, and are yellow-brown and 
