Anatomy and Life-History of Pyrops candelaria. 109 
very dark-brown in colouring, with many minute sensory organs 
scattered and grouped over head and body, which through a hand- 
lens look very much like the small ocelli on the heads of Lepido- 
pterous larvae. The labium in the newly hatched nymph extends past 
the hind coxae nearly to the middle of the abdomen. The nymphs 
now sit in long and fairly ordered rows on the bark (Pl. 10, Fig. 26), 
remaining quiescent for hours, but occasionally one or another shifts 
its position and runs about at a great pace, afterwards returning 
to suck. If the end nymph of a row is threatened, he immediately 
sidles round the bough, the whole line following suit. When two 
nymphs meet on a small twig, they sometimes fight, grasping and 
striking with their forelegs, but they never seem to do any damage. 
Amongst numerous herbaceous plants on which the nymphs will 
feed are Xanthium strumarium Liv. (N. O. Compositae) and Urena 
lobata Linn. (N. OÖ. Malvaceae). The adults, as already mentioned, 
seem confined to Longan and Mango, but are occassionally found on 
Orange and Pumelo (Citrus decumana) and of course the nymphs 
will feed on all these. T'he colouring, during the whole nymphal 
period, varies but little, being lichter in the later instars, ochreous in 
various shades irrorated with black, and a few dark brown markings, 
chiefly in irregular lines on the abdomen. The cephalic extension 
which is very short and thick in the first instar (Fig. 27), inclines 
downwards in all the instars except the fifth, in which it is straight 
or very sligehtly curved upwards towards the tip. The nymphs, 
which grow very gradually between moults, undergo a surprising 
expansion at each moult, being nearly twice their former bulk as they 
issue from the old skin (Fig. 28). When nearing the fifth moult the 
nymphs have a slicht secretion of wax on the posterior edge of the 
last abdominal segment, and on the abdomen generally.!) After the 
first moult the nymphs, which at first were very gregarious, become 
less so, and unless disturbed by Ants, Centipedes, Hunting-Spiders 
and the like, usually spend days in almost the same position, and 
senerally moult there, the skin of the thorax splitting dorsally and 
the nymph squeezing out and mounting on the back of the old skin. 
It is at first very pale ochreous — almost white except the eyes, which 
are dark red brown. The Ants etc, generally seize the nymphs 
whilst the latter are moulting and therefore helpless.. The nymphs 
1) A few minutes before the 5th moult the abdomen is swollen, and 
the insect bends the tip up and down several times in succession. 
