Anatomy and Life-History of Pyrops candelaria. 111 
leaves a slight residue of fibres — much like the waste products of 
moulting. In this wax, which collects largely over the spiracles 
and in the wax-pockets, more than one kind of parasite, or rather, 
perhaps, inquiline, lives and obtains nourishment. One of these is 
a very tiny species of Mite, not uncommonly to be found in the 
wax filline the mouths of the spiracles; it is just visible to the 
naked eye as a speck, not so large as this fullstop. The larvae of 
the curious moth Epipyrops anomala WESTWO0uD are parasitic on the 
adult Pyrops; often two or three larvae may be found on one 
Homopteron, thouglı in the latter case two of these will be very 
young. They attach themselves to the dorsal part of the abdomen, 
shielded by the wings. In some seasons, practically all the Pyrops 
in certain Longan-Orchards will have these larvae on them. '!) 
The eggs of Pyrops candelarıa are parasitized, probably, by 
Chaleids, which, on emergence, leave a little round hole in the lid 
of the egg. 
The following are the data for three Candle-fies: 
Eggs laid April 26th 
„  hatched May 22nd 
First moult June 15th 
Second „, June 28th 
Third, ’%; July 12th 
Fourth „ July 30th 
Pifth- „ September 8th, to adult. 
Thus the eggs hatch in about 26 days, the first moult occeurs 
in about 24 days from hatching, the next three moults at intervals 
of about 15 days, and the final moult in about 40 days, the entire 
nymphal period being about 109 days, and from laying of egg to 
adult insect about 155 days. 
It is hardly necessary to add that the nymphs of Pyrops cande- 
laria are exceedingly eryptic both in form and colour. They are 
twice as long as the insect itself; indeed in P. aurıcoma, these waxy 
processes are from four to five inches long (20 and 12). The wax of 
certain Poekillopteridae, viz. Phrommia ete., has been collected by the 
Chinese and employed in the manufacture of fine white wax (22). ROESEL 
(19) supposed that the waxy matter of the body was the cause of the 
supposed luminosity. G. W. K. 
1) The first notice of caterpillars parasitic upon Pyrops was published 
by BowrinG in 1850; the subject has lately been investigated by 
PERKINS (16). G. W. K. 
