334 CHArRLeEs LincoLn Epwarps, 
the two age groups are the size of the body and its parts, the 
number of pedicels and papillae, and sometimes the form of the 
spicules. In certain cases the number of Polian vesicles, and of 
stone-canals, is greater in the adult. In these revised descriptions 
all available stages in the life-history are utilized, so that as often 
as possible the establishment, development, and growth, as well as the 
adult condition, of the various important parts, may be included. 
When possible biometry is employed as a method for the anal- 
ysis of the more important data. An objection may be raised to 
serlating together individuals from widely scattered regions. In 
reality the various localities of the habitat of a species are ordi- 
narily more or less continuous, and the material considered proves 
to be measurably homogeneous. Sometimes it may be claimed that 
the number of specimens is not large enough for biometrie purposes. 
There is no generally applicable ideal number of variates, and even 
if there were, it is necessary to deal in the best manner with the 
material one has in hand and not with a possible ideal number one 
may desire, but does not possess. In the establishment of a locus 
race a large number of individuals is called for. Independently of 
local races it is necessary to discuss the phases of the variabitity 
of a species taken as a whole. For this pourpose I believe that 
biometry should be employed whenever available as a method most 
searching in analysis and exact in statement (cf. Epwarps, 1908). 
Beginning with the original description, the literature has been 
critically examined and classified. Under each character it has been 
my endeavor to give credit to the author, or authors, who have 
made original contributions, or important suggestions. The synonymy 
given includes only the first use of either the different generic, or 
specific names, or combinations of the same. 
For the opportunity of investigating the large collections of the 
United States National Museum, I desire to thank Dr. RıcHArp 
RATHBun, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. For 
similar courtesies I would express my indebtedness to Professors 
T#£eL, of Stockholm, WırEn, of Upsala, and JUNGERSEn, of Copen- 
hagen. 
Cucumaria frondosa (GUNNER) 1767. 
1767. Holothuria frondosa GUNNER. 
1776. Holothuria pentactes O. F. MÜLLER. 
18350. Cuwieria frondosa BLAINVILLE. 
