Revision of the Holothurioidea. 335 
1833. Pentacta frondosa JÄGER. 
1839. Holothuria grandis FORBES et GOODSIR. 
1839. Holothuria fucicola FORBES et GOODSIR. 
1841. Holothuria (Cladodactyla) pentactes GOULD. 
1841. Oucumaria frondosa FORBES. 
1841. Oucumaria fucicola FORBES. 
1851. Botryodactyla grandis AYRES. 
1851. Botryodactyla affinis AYRES. 
Historical and general. — v. MARENZELLER, 1874, has 
shown that Cucumaria, first proposed by BrLAiviste, 1830, is the 
valid name for this genus and that Pentacta should replace Colochirus, 
and not be used for the stichopodous species of (ucumaria as pro- 
posed by VERRILL, 1867—1871. (Cf. Ber, 1891a.) 
The quaint original description of Cueumaria frondosa by GUNNER 
notes a black color, egg-like form, thick skin, muscles, ten tentacles, 
and intestine. He thinks the animal gets food „by sucking itself 
fast with other objects that can give nourishment“ and that it 
cannot swim. He mentions „some protruding, round, partly depressed 
and flat warts“, but does not realize them to be the sucking feet. 
FAsgrıcıus, 1780, gives a better, but still very incomplete de- 
seription and notes that this species besides dwelling in the depths 
of the sea, among the rock-weed, may be seen swimming in the open 
sea near the shores, expanding and contracting its tentacles. FA- 
BRICIUS considers the form viviparous for in the month of March he 
has seen its young, of a reddish color, swimming freely within it, 
near the anus. Since the time of FaBrıcıus no one seems to have 
verified this interesting observation. GANONG, 1888, says that „it passes 
through a metamorphosis in which the fullygrown larva (Auricu- 
laria) is of a red color, eylindrical, with a few constrietions or annu- 
lations and four or five bands of cilia by means of which it can 
swim freely about.“ 
Lupwıs, 1889—1892, shows that DAnıELssen & Koren, 1856, 
are in error in their identification of Holothuris tremula, and that 
they really describe the embryology of one of the Dendrochirotae. 
Prof. Tu£eL tells me that he believes this species is Cucumaria 
frondosa. 
In the description of this species given by PAckArp, 1897, with 
a drawing by J. S. KınasLey, there are several remarkable errors. 
Only one respiratory tree is given instead of the two normally 
present. The „ring-canal (vr)* of the water-vascular system and 
the „nervous ring (nr)“ are given as if anterior of theinsertion 
