700 Hans GaDow, 
of species extend from the bona fide Hot-country into the hilly 
borderland, and then thin out more rapidly beyond. 
There are further 8 species which are no longer centred in the 
Hotlands, not reaching below 2000‘, but extending their range well 
into and even beyond the temperate zone. Excepting the monotype 
Manolepis and Rhadinea laureata all these partly modified ascendants 
are Anura: 2 Hyla, 2 Hwylodes, 2 Bufo, each of which genera possesses 
species which indicate a gradual change from hot to temperate and 
to cold inhabitants; witness H. baudini, H. copei, and H. eximia; or 
B. marmoreus, B. intermedius, B. punctatus and B. compactilis. Further 
it is most significant that out of the 16 species which at least reach 
the 6000‘ level, or which live above it, 8 species reach this high 
level on solitary mountains, or at least upon mountains or ranges 
which do not belong to the plateau, where these species are not 
found; only the two Hylas occur on it. These 8 species seem to 
have been lured on to the mountains which rise out of the midst of 
the range of these creatures and have thus invited them to go up 
to altitudes which sometimes surpass that of the plateau. We may 
strengthen this interesting fact by including Anolis nebulosus which 
is absent from the Mesa central but to the South of it ascends to 
8000'. Moreover of those 8 modified ascendants which themselves, 
8 out of 42, amount to 20°/,, 4 are such mountain-attracted species. 
We may perhaps put the result more forcibly by saying that 
out of the 16 species which at least reach, or go beyond 6000‘, 8 are 
modified for higher levels whilst they have given up the Hotlands. 
Or, if we draw the critical line at 7000‘, a level which implies a 
bona fide cool climate, then we have still 12 out of a total of 44, 
i.e. 29%, which can live there, but half of these (or 6 if we 
include Ayla copei) have changed sufficiently to have given up life 
in the Hotlands. 
Lastly, the Southerners have produced at least 4 species, about 
10°/, of their total, which now live entirely well above the Hotlands: 
Hwylodes caleitrans, Bufo punctatus, B. compactilis, Rhadinea laureata; 
and perhaps Manolepis which occurs still on the border level of 
3000. Further, only 6 species have a range of 7000 or more, 
i. e. 14°, only are fit to stand such an amplitude of change as is 
implied by the difference between the hot and the cold zone. Here 
it is remarkable that these long-ranged species are still tooted near 
sealevel. This seems so contradietory that the respective species 
have to be scrutinised. They are: 
