260 Epwıin UHArIN SraRKs, 
Summary. 
Homology of the shoulder girdle. 
Dr. Gıtn in his interpretation of the basal cartilages to the 
pectoral (“coracoids represented by a simple cartilaginous plate 
without developed actinosts”) evidently overlooked the basal cartilage 
which is without doubt the homolog of the combined hypercoracoid 
and hypocoracoid. Its lower half exactly resembles in shape and 
position the normal condition of the hypocoracoid, except that its 
lower process is free instead of being attached to the lower end of 
the clavicle. A foramen in the upper half of the basal cartilage, 
giving passage to the ramus ventralis establishes the identity of 
the hypercoracoid. 
That there is no suture in the cartilage dividing these two 
elements counts for nothing. Sutures are not found in the primordial 
cartilage, but the bones ossifying from centers either on or in it 
meet to form the sutures. Amia calva in which the coracoid elements 
are cartilaginous has no suture dividing the hypercoracoid from the 
hypocoracoid. 
In this interpretation of the basal cartilage, the outer plate 
can only be the homolog of the actinosts, but what the median or 
marginal sutures may signify I find myself unable to suggest. I 
know of no similar adult or embryonie condition. 
Relationship. 
The following osteological characters show Dallia to be related 
to the order Haplomi. 
1. The paired condition ofthe dermal ethmoid. 
This character, so far as I can ascertain, is found elsewhere only 
in Umbra and Lucius. In other fishes it is a single median bone 
whether it be a dermal scale overlying the unossified cartilage, as 
in Salmo, or a cartilage bone as in the Acanthopteri. 
2. Four separate superior pharyngeals on each side; 
those of the anterior two arches toothless, the others 
with teeth. 
This condition also I find only in Umbra and Lucius. Four 
separate pharyngeals are often present in other forms, but where 
any of them bear teeth that of the second arch is never toothless. 
