466 Rev. Canon Norman's Revision 



1. Octopus vulgaris , Lamarck. 



The males of Octopus vulgaris have one -or more of the 

 suckers (including generally the 14th to the 16th) of their 

 lateral arms of disproportionately large size ; at the same time 

 the third right arm is much shorter than the left, distinctly 

 thinner in its outer half, and the fold of skin, which is 

 very white on the surface turned inwards, gives the arm an 

 appearance as if the side of the arm were divided into two 

 parts by a longitudinal cleft. 



Guernsey and Herm (A. M. N.), Plymouth (Biolog. Lab.), 

 Weymouth (lloyle, in litt.), Liverpool (Colling w ood) , Lam- 

 lasli Bay, Firth of Clyde (Wyville Thomson), Firth of Forth 

 (Grant and Neill). It is desirable that these more northern 

 habitats should be confirmed. Though stated to be " not 

 uncommon " in the Firth of Forth, all Mr. Hoyle's endeavours 

 to procure it from that locality have failed, and possibly 

 Eledone cirrosa may have been mistaken for it. 



2. Octopus arcticus, Prosch. 



? Sepia gromlandica, Dewhnrst, Nat. Hist. Cetacea, 1834, p. 2G3. 

 Octopus arcticus, Prosch, K. Dansk. Vidensk. SeJsk. Skrif. ser. 5, i. 



(1849), p. 53, figs. 1-3. 

 Octopus arcticus, Steenstrup, Ann. & Mag - . Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xx. (1857), 



p. 97, pi. iii. tig. 2. 

 Octopus Bairdii, Verrill, Amer, Journ. Sci. 1873, v. p. 5 ; Trans. 



Connect. Acad. Sci. v. (1881), p. 308, pi. xxxiii. figs. 1, 1 a, pi. xxxiv. 



figs. 5, 6, pi. xxxvi. fig. 10, pi. xxxvii. fig. 8, pi. xlix. figs. 4, 4a, 



pi. li. figs. 1, 1 a. 

 Octopus Bairdii, C ( >. Sars, Mull. Reg. Arct. Norv. p. 339, pi. xxxiii. 



figs. 1-10, and dentition, pi. xvii. fig. 8. 

 Octopus arcticus, Hoyle, Report ' Challenger ' Cephalop. p. 91 . 



Body short and thick, broadly rounded posteriorly, sepa- 

 rated from head by only slight constriction at the sides. Late- 

 ral fold of the skin more or less distinct ; lower portion of the 

 body below the fold smooth ; upper surface of body more or 

 less studded, sometimes even to the arms, with roughish warts 

 or tubercles of various size ; often the largest of these is a 

 supraorbital cirrus, which occasionally (and especially in the 

 males) attains a considerable length, and is acutely conical 

 and itself studded with lesser tubercles. Arms rather short, 

 a connecting-web unites them for about one third of their 

 length ; they taper to very fine points ; suckers small, little 

 raised, those in each row separated from each other by a wide 

 space often equalling their own diameter. Colour above 

 dusky violet, below somewhat paler. In the male the right 

 arm of the third pair is remarkably modified ; it has its 

 extremity greatly enlarged into a broadly elliptical spoon-like 



