48 R. W. SHUFELDT, 
Eryrox has shown that a pair of foramina also exist in “Olangula 
vulgaris”, *Fuligula eristata”, “Mergus albellus”; but notches of varying 
dimensions in “Rhynchaspis clypeata”, *Cairina moschata”, “Tadorna 
belloni”, and in species of Anser and Oygnus (Osteologia Avium, Supp. 
figs. 4—11). 
In Dendrocygna the sternum is entirely devoidofa manubrium, 
in fact, there is a well marked, vertical notech occupying the site 
where, in Dranta canadensis for instance, there is a laterally com- 
pressed, squarish manubrial process of some size. It is thick and 
trihedral in the Swans (Olor ete.), and rather small and insignificant 
in Chen of several species. 
Cereopsis novae-hollandiae has no such process whatever on its 
sternum, nor has Aix sponsa, Aix galericulata, Harelda hyemalıs, 
Mergus serrator, or Charitonetta albeola, while there is a small, peg- 
like one on the sterna of Polysticta stelleri (where it projects almost 
directly upwards and very slightly forwards), on Chenonetta jubata, 
Hymenolaemus malacorhynchus, in which last it resembles Polystzcta. 
In Olor the extensive base of the big manubrial process stands 
between the articular surfaces within the coracoidal grooves, 
on the outer anterior border of the sternal body; while, as a rule 
in other Anseres, these facets for the coracoids meet in the 
median line at their base, but separated by a mere notch above 
and below. 
In Dendrocygna autumnalis the carina of the sternum is deep 
anteriorly, and it slopes gradually away to within a few millimeters 
of the hinder margin of tlie mid-xiphoidal process posteriorly. This 
is also the case in Branta, Chen, Cereopsis, and others; but in Asx, 
especially in Aöx sponsa, the keel extends to the very free edge of 
the sternal body behind. Anteriorly, the carinal angle juts 
considerably forwards beyond the body of the bone, and it may be 
acute or rounded off in the same species (D. autumnalis, 454, 455), 
the border above being smooth or jagged. 
In Branta canadensis the protrusion forwards of the carina is 
very moderate, while the fore part, from the coracoidal grooves, 
down about half way to the angle, it is much thickened. This is 
also the case in Dendrocygna and other species. 
In Mergus serrator the carina is shallow and the angle very 
acute, projecting far beyond the body of the the bone (fig. 4, Ost. 
of Birds, p. 261). While the sternum of Dendrocygna autumnalis 
(454) might answer for that bone in almost any ordinary duck, not 
