8 Oberholser, Genera and Species of CygnincB. [isf"july 



Chars, sp. — Inner webs of outer three primaries and outer webs 

 of second, third, and fourth sinuated ; webs of feet straight, not 

 scalloped ; entire plumage white ; lores, frontal tubercle, mandible, 

 base of maxilla, with its edges and nail, black, the rest of bill 

 reddish-orange ; legs and feet black ; wing, 535-685 mm. 



Type Locality. — Russia. 



Geographical Distribution. — Denmark, southern Sweden, north- 

 eastern Germany, the valley of the lower Danube, Turkey, and 

 Greece ; east to Bulgaria, Transylvania, southern and central 

 Russia, Turkestan, Mongolia, and Dauria ; south in migration to 

 Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algiers, Egypt, Syria, 

 Asia Minor, and north-western India. 



The name Cygnus gihhiis (Bechstein) * has been employed for this 

 species by Doctor L. Stejneger,f on the ground that Anas olor 

 (Gmelin) t is preoccupied by Anas olor (Pallas), § but, as claimed by 

 Count Salvadori,l| the latter name, being merely a Latin substantive 

 uncombined with a generic term, is not used in a technical specific 

 sense, and therefore cannot be cited in nomenclature. The Swan 

 described by Yarrell under the name Cygnus immutahilis^ appears 

 to be undoubtedly nothing more than a semi-domesticated variety. 

 Both Cygnus unwini (Hume)** and Cygnus pelzelni (Stejneger) ff 

 are quite as certainly based on the immature stage of the present 

 species. 



Cygnus melancoryphus (Molina). 



Anas melancoripha, Mohna, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chih, 1782, p. 234 

 (Chile). 



Anas melancorypha, Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 344 

 (Chile). 



Anasni gricollis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I., ii., 1778, p. 502 (Falkland 

 Islands, Rio de la Plata, and Straits of Magellan). 



Anas melanocephala, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I., ii., 1788, p. 502 (Chile). 



Anas melanocorhynphus. Lesson, Compl. Buffon, ix,, 1837, p. 528 

 {nom. emend, pro Anas melancorypha, Molina), Falkland Islands, 

 Straits of Magellan, Chile, and Rio de la Plata). 



Anas melanocoryphea. Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 323 [nom 

 emend, pro Anas melancorypha, Molina). 



Chars, sp. — Inner webs of outer four primaries and outer webs 

 of second, third, fourth, and fifth sinuated ; webs of feet scalloped ; 

 head and most of neck black ; chin, a narrow stripe surrounding 

 the eye and reaching backward toward the hind-neck, together 

 with all the rest of the plumage, white ; bill plumbeous, the nail 

 white, the base and knob red ; feet and legs pale flesh colour ; 

 wing, 395-450 mm. 



Type Locality. — Chile. 



* Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl., iv., 1809, 1| Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., xxvii., 1S95, 



p. 815. p. 26. 



tProc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v., 1882, p. 189. H Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1838, p. 19. 



+ Syst. Nat., I., ii., 1788, p. 502. ** Ibis, 1871, p. 413. 



§Sv. Vetensk.-Alcad. Hand!., xl., 1779, ft Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v., 1882, p. 



p. 27 (note). 197. 



