eneast ARCHEOLOGY IN BRITISH GUIANA 31 
Level .50-.75 m__ At 65 cm. the dirt turns grayer. Oyster and clam 
shells are still present, but small, striped, snail shells 
(Neritina) are now more common. 10 potsherds 
seattered in the refuse. Fragments of badly broken 
adult human bones (patella, distal end of femur, 
fragment of a lower jaw with a few teeth in place) 
were scattered haphazardly throughout the refuse. 
Level 0.75-1.00 m_. Soil now gray; Neritina snail and oyster shells com- 
mon; 1 sherd, and 1 egg-shaped fired clay object. 
Level 1.00-1.25 m__ No change in conditions up to 1.10 meters. At this 
point several large hunks of rotten granite were 
found and the soil changed to light tan and gray 
tan. Large oyster shells abundant. Evidence of 
an old armadillo burrow ran horizontally across this 
level at one end of the cut. 
Level 1.25-1.50 m__ One oval-shaped piece of fired clay. Tan ash and 
sterile sand mixed with shell suggests a load of clean 
river sand had been dumped in one area. 
Level 1.50-2.45 m__ At 1.50 meters the amount of shell increases notice- 
ably, but the bone and stone fragments decrease. 
Crab claws and carapaces appear for first time 
below 2.00 meters. The soil is now a distinct tan 
color. These conditions continue until sterile, 
brown, sandy soil appears at 2.45 meters. 
Whereas the other shell middens contained several species, this site 
produced only two: Weritina zebra Bruguiére and Crassostrea rhizo- 
phorae Guilding. The latter is a common, intertidal, brackish-water 
oyster that usually grows attached to mangrove trees. 
N-10: SAND CREEK 
Three-quarters of the way downstream from Warapoco Mission 
School, Sand Creek enters the left bank of Warapoco Creek. This 
small tributary drains an area that at high tide is completely flooded 
and during low tide is swamp, except for a few scattered high spots 
surmounted by large granite boulders. Several of these outcrops, 4 
to 5 meters high, are located 85 meters inland from the left bank of 
Warapoco Creek in a northeasterly direction. Behind these rocks the 
land rises 8 meters above the surrounding swamp and is sprinkled 
with small granite boulders. The soil is black and flecked with de- 
composed mussel shells. Oyster, clam, Neritina snail shells, fish bones, 
crab claws, and carapaces are intermixed. Testing over the area re- 
vealed a midden accumulation similar to that at N-9 except that the 
quantity of pulverized mussel shells was greater. The depth of the 
deposit ranges from 0.75 to 1.00 meter on a foundation of decomposing 
granite rock. The extent of the midden refuse is irregular, covering 
an area 40 by 25 meters above the 2-meter contour line. <A collection 
of stone chips and artifacts was made from test pits. A few plain, 
sand-tempered sherds were collected. The shell sample from this site 
