72 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 177 
sites are connected by the low rolling Hobodeia Hills. At N-14, 
the flat is 10 meters wide, flooded at high tide and soft muck at low 
tide. The riverbank rises steeply to 2 meters and more gradually to 
3 meters above low water. Just downstream from the site, the 
swampy tidal flat widens abruptly so that the site is on a point, with 
the river and swamp bounding the northwest and northeast sides and 
the high land extending to the southeast and southwest. The sherd 
refuse extends for 70 meters along the bank by 55 meters inward. 
The southwest half of the site is on the 3-meter elevation, the re- 
mainder on the slope to the point. The present school buildings and 
clearing are on the slope and the teacher’s manioc garden on the 
summit, so that no part of the site is free from erosion or disturbance 
(pl 15, 6). Tests made over the entire area showed the soil to be 
medium to light-gray sandy loam, with sherds most abundant in a 
zone between 10 and 15 cm. below the surface. Below 15 cm. the 
soil was sterile light-tan to brown, sandy clay. A 1- by 1-meter test 
in the southwest end of the site produced 185 sherds, all from be- 
tween 10 and 15 cm. below the surface. These were added to the gen- 
eral sherd sample from the site. 
N-15: HOTOKWAI (HOTAKWAIA, HOTAKWAI) 
“Hotakwaia Hill” was visited by Verrill (1918 a, p. 17), who 
describes it as a granite formation with no shell heaps and no pot- 
tery. He found one stone ax. Osgood (1946, p. 61) lists it as No. 
12 in his inventory of British Guiana sites. Hotokwai Hill is a 
prominent rise on the left bank of the Aruka River, a little above its 
junction with the Aruau River (fig. 4). A low projection extends 
from the east side of the hill toward the river. Hotokwai Creek 
flows along the northeast edge of this high area. A 60-meter-wide 
strip of low swamp separates the edge of the rise from the Aruka 
River, and the swamp widens out to surround the base of the hill. 
Behind the shelflike spur, the hillside rises steeply to a height that 
commands a view over the swamp in all directions. 
N-15 occupies the major portion of the spur (fig. 23). Sherd 
refuse extends inward from the front edge for 40 meters to the be- 
ginning of the steep slope and 60 meters from side to side. In this 
distance, the land rises from 50 cm. in elevation to 2 meters, with 
the major portion of the site area about 1.50 meters above the swamp 
level. The modern Hotokwai school is on the upper part of the site, 
and several houses occupied the edge near the creek in 1953. Clumps 
of large bamboo covered the southwest part of the spur, at the edge 
of the site area. Extensive testing revealed sherds at a depth of 
5 em. below the surface except in the vicinity of the bamboo, where 
a layer of sterile soil 10 to 15 cm. thick covered the refuse deposit. 
The soil was light to medium-gray, sandy clay, becoming light-tan 
