30} d 
peaean ARCHEOLOGY IN BRITISH GUIANA 203 
above the January water level. Secondary growth of dense small 
brush, especially palm, and trees under 25 cm. in diameter covers the 
area roughly 150 meters long by 75 meters wide above the 4-meter 
contour. Sherds were found in only one place, at the edge of the 
highest spot. The refuse accumulation was not more than 4 meters 
in diameter and lay immediately below the surface under the light 
root mat. The soil was sandy and light gray. Fragments of glass 
and iron, and two hearthstones with burnt soil underneath, were 
encountered in the testing. 
E-19: CHOLYOLYOLIWATO 
The high bank occupied by E-19 is on the right side of the 
Essequibo, where it makes a 180° bend just below Baboon Falls 
(fig. 79). The slope is steep along the river and more gradual to 
the south and east, where a creek flows through a small ravine. ‘The 
summit, 18 meters above the January water level, is covered with 
small secondary growth with the majority of the trees under 10 cm. 
in diameter. An unusual feature of the vegetation was tall, large- 
diameter bamboolike cane, which the Wai Wai believed to have been 
planted by the Taruma. The former clearing was estimated to extend 
for about 500 meters along the bank and 200 meters inward. Sherds 
were found toward the eastern edge in a zone extending for 120 meters 
in from the bank by 80 meters wide, encompassing the area of highest 
elevation (fig. 85). Several large rocks jut out from this part of the 
shore. ‘Two stratigraphic excavations were made, one at the highest 
part of the site and the other closer to the riverbank. 
Cut 1, 1 by 1 meter, was 16 meters from the riverbank. The soil 
was dark gray and small lateritic concretions were very abundant. 
Sherds occurred from the surface to 18 cm., where the gravel became 
more compact and sterile. The soil continued dark gray until 24 cm., 
when it changed to light-brown loam. Bright-orange clay with large 
quantities of iron concretion gravel began at 40 cm. 
Cut 2 was 35 meters south of Cut 1, on the highest part of the site. 
It was also 1 by 1 meter, excavated in 8-cm. levels. The first three 
levels contained black soil with few lateritic concretions. Concretions 
became abundant below 20 cm. In level 32 to 40 cm., the soil was 
still blackish loam with abundant gravel, but contained no sherds. 
From 40 to 60 cm. the color was light brown and below 60 cm. it 
became bright-orange clay as in Cut 1. All the sterile soils had large 
amounts of concretion gravel. 
E-21: WEELYA-TO 
A large sloping rock jutting into the Essequibo from the left bank 
marks the location of K-21 (fig. 79). The river is about 70 meters 
513186—60-——15 
